0.5 kmol of ideal gas (C̃ v ∗ = 1.5R) undergoes the following reversible changes in a series of nonflow processes: • From an initial state of 1 bar and 12m3 (state 1), it is compressed adiabatically to 3 bar (state 2), • It is then cooled at constant pressure to initial temperature (state 3), • Finally, it is compressed isothermally to 8 bar (state 4). a. Show all processes on a single P-V diagram. b. Calculate Q, W, and ∆U for each process and for the overall process

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.