:0: Hill Si Н Si Н Н H-B Н В Н

Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Understanding Formal Charges in Molecular Structures**

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**Instruction:**
What is the formal charge on each indicated atom? Write your answer on the line below the molecule.

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**Molecular Structures:**

1. **First Molecule:**
   - Structure: The molecule shown has nitrogen (N) double bonded to an oxygen (O), which is single bonded to another oxygen (O) with a negative charge.
   - Atoms: N, O (single-bonded with a negative charge), and O (double-bonded).
   
2. **Second Molecule:**
   - Structure: Phosphorus (P) is in the center, bonded to three oxygens (O). Each oxygen atom has different bonding configurations: one double bonded and one single bonded with a negative charge.
   - Atoms: P, O (single-bonded with a negative charge), and O (double-bonded).

3. **Third Molecule:**
   - Structure: Oxygen (O) double bonded to carbon (C), with another oxygen (O) single bonded and having a negative charge.
   - Atoms: O (single-bonded with a negative charge).

4. **Fourth Molecule:**
   - Structure: A tetrahedral silicon (Si) atom bonded to four hydrogen (H) atoms.
   - Atoms: Si.
   
5. **Fifth Molecule:**
   - Structure: Boron (B) bonded to five hydrogen (H) atoms and a single bromine (Br) atom.
   - Atoms: B.
   
6. **Sixth Molecule:**
   - Structure: A central sulfur (S) atom bonded with two oxygens (O) and one hydrogen (H). The oxygen atoms have different bonding configurations: one double bonded and one single bonded with a single hydrogen.
   - Atoms: S, O (connected to H).

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**Formal Charges to be Determined for Each Atom**

- N: _______
- P: _______
- O: _______
- Si: _______
- B: _______

Additional Question:
- What is the sum of the formal charges on this ion? _______

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**Explanation of the Formal Charge Calculation:**

To determine the formal charge on an atom within a molecule, use the following formula:

**Formal Charge (FC) = (Valence electrons) - (Non-bonding electrons) - (Bonding electrons / 2)**
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Formal Charges in Molecular Structures** --- **Instruction:** What is the formal charge on each indicated atom? Write your answer on the line below the molecule. --- **Molecular Structures:** 1. **First Molecule:** - Structure: The molecule shown has nitrogen (N) double bonded to an oxygen (O), which is single bonded to another oxygen (O) with a negative charge. - Atoms: N, O (single-bonded with a negative charge), and O (double-bonded). 2. **Second Molecule:** - Structure: Phosphorus (P) is in the center, bonded to three oxygens (O). Each oxygen atom has different bonding configurations: one double bonded and one single bonded with a negative charge. - Atoms: P, O (single-bonded with a negative charge), and O (double-bonded). 3. **Third Molecule:** - Structure: Oxygen (O) double bonded to carbon (C), with another oxygen (O) single bonded and having a negative charge. - Atoms: O (single-bonded with a negative charge). 4. **Fourth Molecule:** - Structure: A tetrahedral silicon (Si) atom bonded to four hydrogen (H) atoms. - Atoms: Si. 5. **Fifth Molecule:** - Structure: Boron (B) bonded to five hydrogen (H) atoms and a single bromine (Br) atom. - Atoms: B. 6. **Sixth Molecule:** - Structure: A central sulfur (S) atom bonded with two oxygens (O) and one hydrogen (H). The oxygen atoms have different bonding configurations: one double bonded and one single bonded with a single hydrogen. - Atoms: S, O (connected to H). --- **Formal Charges to be Determined for Each Atom** - N: _______ - P: _______ - O: _______ - Si: _______ - B: _______ Additional Question: - What is the sum of the formal charges on this ion? _______ --- **Explanation of the Formal Charge Calculation:** To determine the formal charge on an atom within a molecule, use the following formula: **Formal Charge (FC) = (Valence electrons) - (Non-bonding electrons) - (Bonding electrons / 2)**
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