. On the day an IPO comes out, the market pricecan rise above the offering price or fall below thatprice. Is it more common for the market price toclose above or below the offering price on the dayof an IPO? If a company’s market price rises abovethe IPO price, does that suggest that the companyleft money on the table and thus received less for its shares than it should have received? If mostcompanies do leave money on the table, does thatindicate the IPO market is inefficient? How mightsystematic underpricing be explained? Has theamount of underpricing been constant over time?Explain.

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