. Describe the general structure of all cell membranes. How does this membrane structure determine the selective permeability of what can pass across the membrane. Then describe 3 ways cell membranes will differ from one another. 2. List and describe the three main types of cell attachments. Make sure your answer includes what they help a cell attach to. If you wanted to do immunocytochemistry to specifically stain each type of cell attachment, what is a protein that could be used for each type of cell attachment (in other words, what is a unique protein for each attachment type)? 3. In a typical neuron, there are ligand gated ion channels and there are voltage gated ion channels. During the electrical communication between two neurons, describe the involvement of these two types of ion channels. 4. What are four common features of all signaling pathways involving transmembrane receptors? Then, describe the pathway of one of the specific signaling pathways we discussed in class involving a transmembrane receptor that transmits a signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus to impact gene expression. 5. What are G proteins? What are the two types of G-proteins? Explain the roles of GEFs and GAPs in their activation/inactivation? 6. Describe the signaling pathway used by a G-protein coupled receptor. Then describe the signaling pathway that involves the G-protein ras. 7. You are interested in monitoring the movement of a protein kinase called PK Z from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during a signaling pathway that is active in brain cells. If you wanted to monitor the changes in the subcellular location of PK Z, describe two ways you could do that. In addition to changes in subcellular location, what are two additional ways proteins are regulated during signaling. 8. Describe signaling pathways involving intracellular receptors. Make sure your answer explains why a ligand would use an intracellular receptor as opposed to a transmembrane receptor. 9. Compare and contrast the signaling pathways involving G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, giving 4 similarities and 4 differences. 10. What was the main finding in the paper by McBride et al.? Then describe how the mosquito OR4 gene was expressed in Drosophila and then evaluated in this paper.
. Describe the general structure of all cell membranes. How does this membrane structure determine the selective permeability of what can pass across the membrane. Then describe 3 ways cell membranes will differ from one another.
2. List and describe the three main types of cell attachments. Make sure your answer includes what they help a cell attach to. If you wanted to do immunocytochemistry to specifically stain each type of cell attachment, what is a protein that could be used for each type of cell attachment (in other words, what is a unique protein for each attachment type)?
3. In a typical neuron, there are ligand gated ion channels and there are voltage gated ion channels. During the electrical communication between two neurons, describe the involvement of these two types of ion channels.
4. What are four common features of all signaling pathways involving transmembrane receptors? Then, describe the pathway of one of the specific signaling pathways we discussed in class involving a transmembrane receptor that transmits a signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus to impact gene expression.
5. What are G proteins? What are the two types of G-proteins? Explain the roles of GEFs and GAPs in their activation/inactivation?
6. Describe the signaling pathway used by a G-protein coupled receptor. Then describe the signaling pathway that involves the G-protein ras.
7. You are interested in monitoring the movement of a protein kinase called PK Z from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during a signaling pathway that is active in brain cells. If you wanted to monitor the changes in the subcellular location of PK Z, describe two ways you could do that. In addition to changes in subcellular location, what are two additional ways proteins are regulated during signaling.
8. Describe signaling pathways involving intracellular receptors. Make sure your answer explains why a ligand would use an intracellular receptor as opposed to a transmembrane receptor.
9. Compare and contrast the signaling pathways involving G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, giving 4 similarities and 4 differences.
10. What was the main finding in the paper by McBride et al.? Then describe how the mosquito OR4 gene was expressed in Drosophila and then evaluated in this paper.
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