. A soil deposit consists of three horizontal layers of soil: an upper stratum A (1m thick), a middle stratum B (2m thick) and a lower stratum C (3 m thick). Permeability tests gave the following values: Soil A, k = 0.3 mm/sec; Soil B, k = 0.2 mm/sec; Soil C: k=0.1 mm/sec. a) Determine the ratio of the average coefficients of permeability of the soil deposit (all three layers) in the horizontal and vertical direction. b) Beneath the deposit there is a gravel layer subjected to artesian pressure, the surface of the deposit coinciding with the ground water level. Standpipes show that the fall in head across soil A is 150 mm. Determine the value of the water pressure at the top of the gravel.

. A soil deposit consists of three horizontal layers of soil: an upper stratum A (1m thick), a middle stratum B (2m thick) and a lower stratum C (3 m thick). Permeability tests gave the following values: Soil A, k = 0.3 mm/sec; Soil B, k = 0.2 mm/sec; Soil C: k=0.1 mm/sec. a) Determine the ratio of the average coefficients of permeability of the soil deposit (all three layers) in the horizontal and vertical direction. b) Beneath the deposit there is a gravel layer subjected to artesian pressure, the surface of the deposit coinciding with the ground water level. Standpipes show that the fall in head across soil A is 150 mm. Determine the value of the water pressure at the top of the gravel.

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.

Question

1. A soil deposit consists of three horizontal layers of soil: an upper stratum A (1m thick), a
middle stratum B (2m thick) and a lower stratum C (3 m thick). Permeability tests gave
the following values: Soil A, k = 0.3 mm/sec; Soil B, k = 0.2 mm/sec; Soil C: k =0.1
mm/sec.
a) Determine the ratio of the average coefficients of permeability of the soil deposit (all
three layers) in the horizontal and vertical direction.
b) Beneath the deposit there is a gravel layer subjected to artesian pressure, the surface
of the deposit coinciding with the ground water level. Standpipes show that the fall in
head across soil A is 150 mm. Determine the value of the water pressure at the top of
the gravel.
150 mm
Soil A, Im
Soil B, 2m
Soil C, 3m
Gravel
Figure 1

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