Biostats Homework 3

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Indiana University, Bloomington *

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381

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Statistics

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Apr 3, 2024

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381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions SPH-Q 381.SP24 Introduction to Biostatistics—Spring 2024 Sections 12247 and 13871 Dr. Dave Fluharty Homework #3 6 Points 0.5 point each question unless otherwise indicated February 25, 2024 No late assignments accepted except in exceptional circumstances. You may use your book, notes, videos, internet, or other resources. You may discuss the questions with other students, HOWEVER, THE ASSIGNMENT YOU SUBMITT MUST BE DONE INDIVIDUALLY. For example, you might meet with a study group to discuss what questions mean and how they might be approached (including hints for JMP), but then separate and do the problems yourself. Contact Dr. Dave if this is unclear. We will review the homework questions in the first class after the homework is uploaded. Students may also ask Dr. Dave questions about this homework during Drop-In Office Hours or individual meetings. INSTRUCTIONS: 1. BE SURE TO READ THE ENTIRE QUESTION BEFORE ANSWERING IT (in the past students have lost points on this). 2. JMP is not used in this assignment. Most of our homeworks will have extensive use of JMP. 3. Write out your calculations. Do not just write down the answer unless it is just looking up a value. First write the formula you used and then show the calculations. 4. Submit the assignment in Microsoft Word or PDF format. a. Do not submit in other formats which may not be readable for grading. b. Please put your answers in a different color than the questions (this makes grading much easier). c. Be sure the answers you upload are complete. You are responsible for ensuring you uploaded the entire assignment. 5. Please read the questions carefully. In the past students have lost points for not answering the question that asked or not answering all of the question. If you have any questions—particularly if you have difficulty working with JMP--please contact Dr. Dave!! PURPOSE OF THIS HOMEWORK: To ensure you understand the basic concepts sampling & randomization, sampling design, and the relationships among sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, and predictive values.. GENERAL HINTS: When the question asks you to provide a list, provide each item in the list is one or just a few words. Explanations and descriptions require longer answers. JMP HINTS: JMP is not used in this assignment. Page 1 of 4

381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions HOMEWORK QUESTIONS: 1. Why do we take samples? 2. Name and briefly describe the 5 Sampling Designs. Hints: One is Convenience Sampling. Also see PGM pp. 511-520 3. Name and describe at least 2 sources of error in surveys. 4. (0.5 points) Experimentation and Observation: a. What is the difference between experimental and observational approaches? b. Why are experimental approaches generally preferred (if ethical)? 5. Answer question 22 in Chapter 2. 6. List and briefly describe the types of Observational Studies. Hint: See PGM pp. 542-544. 7. (1 point) Randomization: a. a. Describe the process of randomization in your own words. b. b. Why is randomization important? 8. Below is an illustration similar to that on page 140 of our text. Please calculate the following. Write your answers on the blanks provide and, if you can write them in the illustration: a. Number of people who have the disease ____________ b. Number of people who have the disease and test positive_______________ c. Number of people who have the disease and test negative __________ d. Number of people who do NOT have the disease ________________ e. Number of people who do NOT have the disease and test positive ____________ f. Number of people who do NOT have the disease and test negative ________ g. Total number of people who test positive ____________ h. Total number of people who test negative _________________ Page 2 of 4

381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 9. Using the formula below, calculate the Positive Predictive Value give the following assumptions. Show your calculation. a. Prevalence = 0.001 b. Sensitivity = 0.700 c. Specificity = 0.900 Page 3 of 4

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381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 381.FA23 Homework #3 Questions 10. Using the formula below, calculate the Negative Predictive Value give the following assumptions. Show your calculation. a. Prevalence = 0.001 b. Sensitivity = 0.700 c. Specificity = 0.900 11. Review your results in problems #81, #9, and #10. Note that the same Prevalence, Sensitivity, and Specificity are used in each case. Make three observations. In your own words, about what you the test and the disease. Page 4 of 4

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