Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology

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Arizona State University *

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112

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Statistics

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Apr 3, 2024

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3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 1 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take ASU's Urban Microclimatology Started: Mar 31 at 11:16pm Quiz Instructions Scientific research outlines a method of observation and analysis, and categorizes the knowledge gained from the process. The scientific method provides a logical structure to solve difficult problems, and the first step in the process involves identifying that problem which you seek to study. The research question states the problem in question form, which then guides the direction and scope of the study. Using field observations and descriptive statistical analyses, you will seek to answer the following research question: How does the spatial variability of microclimates change on the ASU campus near Stauffer Hall? Part I. Hypothesis A hypothesis is an educated “guess” as to the outcome of the research, and is usually expressed as a statement. Thus, the hypothesis is a tentative assumption, designed to build a logical conclusion from the research question. Example Research Question: What happens to trees in California during times of drought? Example Hypothesis: Most trees in California drop their leaves in times of drought. Part II. Methods and Data Collection To answer the research question for this exercise, you will measure surface temperatures, air temperatures, atmospheric humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and elevation. The temperature and humidity of the air are measured using a Kestrel DROP. Wind speed is measured using a handheld anemometer. The handheld anemometer reports wind speed in miles per hour or knots as a function of the rotation of the impeller. You must orient the anemometer facing the direction that the wind is coming from to receive an accurate reading. An infrared thermometer (IRT) records the amount of infrared radiation emitted from an object. The Earth’s longwave radiation is emitted entirely in the infrared band, so measuring the infrared radiation of a surface quantifies the temperatures of terrestrial surfaces.

3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 2 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take An IR camera is a device that forms an image using infrared radiation. You will use the camera to take infrared photos of the study sites. These photos will help you determine how much thermal energy is being emitted by the elements of the micro climate at each study site. Use the list of locations to find each study site, perform and record observations using your Kestrel DROP, anemometer, infrared thermometer, and IR camera. Since the average surface temperature directly impacts the air temperature, record four surface temperatures at each observation site. Also record the types of surface materials associated with the surface temperature observations. Part III. Analysis Descriptive statistics are one of the simplest ways to quantitatively describe and analyze data. The mean, median, mode, percentile, range, and standard deviation are the most commonly used numerical descriptive statistics. The mean is often identified as the average and is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations. The mean is a measure of central tendency, and can be skewed by extremely large or small values in the sample. The median is the middle point of the data, and is determined through ordering the observations from smallest to the largest, then identifying the observation in the middle of the sequence. If the number of observations in the sample is even, then the two middle observations are summed, then divided by two to determine the median. If the number of observations in the sample is odd, the middle value is the median. The median is a measure of central tendency, and is more robust to large or small values in the sample. The range is simply the difference between the largest observation and smallest observation.

3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 3 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take  Question 1 2 pts Word document of the map and tables within the lab. (https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/files/79359061? verifier=SD5wM1ZdCD2XzIVK3pm7UJRpf65rsiWgxur5SzIu&wrap=1) Create a hypothesis that addresses the research question for this lab exercise.

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3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 4 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take p  Question 2 2 pts 0 words </> What background information did you use to justify your hypothesis?

3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 5 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take p  Question 3 2 pts 0 words </> List several variables that would be helpful in verifying your hypothesis.

3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 6 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take p  0 words </> Using the map provided, visit each of the locations. As you visit each location, record your observations of the surrounding landscape that might influence the microclimatology of the location, using the observation sheet below. Site Site Description (shady? Surface material? Vegetation? Anything else?) Infrared Picture Description (What color do different objects appear to be?) Secret Garden Cady Mall Walkway Solar Panel

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3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 7 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take  Question 4 2 pts Planters Farmer Education Interior COOR Pathway While at each station, use the IR thermometer to record surface temperature; the anemometer to record wind speed and temperature; the Kestrel DROP to record temperature, relative humidity, and dewpoint temperature ; and the IR camera to take an infrared photo of the site. Remember that you are recording surface temperature 4 times at each site. Point the IR thermometer at the same area each time. Site Surface Temp 1 Surface Temp 2 Surface Temp 3 Surface Temp 4 Wind Speed Air Temp Dew Point Relative Humidity Secret Garden Cady Mall Walkway Solar Panel Planters Farmer Education Interior COOR Pathway

3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 8 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take p  Question 5 2 pts Calculate the mean, median, and range of your surface temperature observations. List them for each location in the text box below. 0 words </> Which site had the highest average surface temperature? Identify the value, and discuss what factors may have influenced this result. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph

3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 9 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take p  Question 6 2 pts 0 words </> Which site had the highest air temperature? Identify the value, and discuss what factors may have influenced this result. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph

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3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 10 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take  Question 7 2 pts  Question 8 2 pts Which site would you expect to have the highest relative humidity? Discuss why you think that. Make sure to describe factors that could influence relative humidity. Describe your results of wind speed and direction through the observation route. Discuss what factors may have influenced this result.

3/31/24, 11 : 16 PM Quiz: ASU's Urban Microclimatology Page 11 of 12 https://canvas.asu.edu/courses/178831/quizzes/1343109/take  Question 9 2 pts  Question 10 2 pts When comparing the sites along your observation route, what impact did surface material have on the measurements? Describe at least one idea for future localized microclimate research prompted by your research experience around Arizona State University.