Analysis of RACE and POLHITOK in SPSS Lab Exercise 13.1

SPSS Statistics Lab Exercise 13.1 1. What is the level of measurement for the variable RACE? Nominal 2. What is the level of measurement for the variable POLHITOK? Nominal 3. What measure of association is appropriate to examine the relationship between these variables? Lambda 4. Record the percentage of respondents who said “Yes” to POLHITOK for each category of the variable RACE. White = 77.7% Black = 44.6% Others = 50.6% 5. Do the column percentages change or move, signifying a relationship between RACE and POLHITOK? Explain: The percentages in the column vary which indicates a link between RACE and POLHITOK. For a less substantial association between RACE and POLHITOK, then the percentages would have to be the same or nearly the same. 6. The strength value of Lambda (measure of association) is .06 (value/strength of measure of association). 7. Would you characterize the relationship between these two variables as weak, moderate, or strong? Explain:

The interpretation of the relationship between RACE and POLHITOK would be weak since the lambda value of .06 represents a difference in mistakes of just 6 percent (few errors). Choose two nominal variables from the data set. Run crosstabs with column percentages for the variables. Then, request the appropriate measure of association, and answer questions 8 through 12. 8. List the two variables you chose, designating one as the independent variable and one as the dependent variable. The state briefly why you chose them and what you expect to find in terms of the relationship between these variables. (a) Independent: RACE – race of respondent Dependent: GRASS – should marijuana be made legal (b) State why I chose these variables: The reason being that I believe that marijuana use is linked to an individual’s race. (c) Construct a hypothesis of the relationship between these two variables: The hypothesis is that blacks will have a high rate of marijuana use and high rate of personally believing that marijuana should be legal. 9. What measure of association is appropriate to examine the relationship between these variables? Lambda is an appropriate measure of association.

10. Do the column percentages change or move across categories of the variables, signifying a relationship between these variables? Explain. The percentages in the column vary which indicates a link between RACE and GRASS. For there to be no association then the percentages would have to be nearly the same or identical. 11. The strength/value of Lambda (measure of association) is .003 (value/strength of measure of association). 12. Would you characterize the relationship between these two variables as weak, moderate, or strong? Explain. The relationship between the two variables would be weak due to the Lambda value of .003. Run Crosstabs with column percentages for the variables RACWORK (independent) and DISCAFF (dependent). Then, request the appropriate measure of association, and answer Questions 13 through 20. 13. What is the level of measurement for the variable RACEWORK? Ordinal 14. What is the level of measurement for the variable DISCAFF? Ordinal’ 15. What measure of association is appropriate to examine the relationship between these variables?

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Gamma 16. Record the percentage of respondents who said, “Very likely” and “Somewhat likely” to DISCAFF for each category of the variable RACWORK. 17. 17. 17. 17. Do the column percentages change or move across categories of the variables, signifying a relationship between RACWORK and DISCAFF? Explain. The column percentages change across the categories of the variables, which signifies the existence of a relationship between RACWORK DISCAFF. 18. The strength/value of gamma (measure of association) is .011 (value/strength of measure of association). The variable DISCAFF is coded arbitrarily, so the gamma value is .011. 19. Would you characterize the relationship between these two variables as weak, moderate, or strong? Explain. The relationship between the variables RACWORK and DISCAFF is weak because the gamma value of .011 is only a 1.1% difference in knowing whether whites are affected by affirmative action or not based on racial makeup. 20. What is the direction of association between these variables? RACWORK All White Mostly/Half White White-Half Black Mostly Black All Blacks Very Likely 8.8% 11.7% 11.8% 4.2% 28.6% Somewhat Likely 48.0% 37.2% 41.1% 41.7% 28.6%

The variable DISCAFF is coded arbitrarily which results in the gamma value of -.011. Which leaves the direction of association between the variables of a negative association. 21. List two variables you choose: Independent: NATEDUC Dependent: PILLOK State why I chose these variables: The reason being is the current place birth control has in society, specifically on our education system. I wish to determine if there is a correlation between those who believe birth control is acceptable for teens between the ages of 14 and 16 even if parents don’t agree. Construct a hypothesis of the relationship between these two variables: I hypothesis that those who believe it is ok for teens between ages of 14 and 16 to have birth control pills, even if parents don’t agree will lean more likely to strongly disagree that the government is doing enough to improve public school education. 22. What measure of association is appropriate to examine the relationship between these variables? Gamma measure of association is appropriate to examine the relationship. 23. Do the column percentages change or move across categories of the variables, signifying a relationship between these variables? Explain.

The column percentages change across the categories of variables, which signifies the existence of a relationship between NATEDUC and PILLOK. 24. The strength/value of gamma (measure of association) is .272 (value/strength of measure of association). 25. Would you characterize the relationship between these two variables as weak, moderate, or strong? Explain. The relationship between the variables would be moderate because the gamma value of .272 is a 27.2% difference. 26. What is the direction of association between these variables? The variable PILLOK is coded arbitrarily which results in a gamma value of -.272. Because of this, the direction of association between the variables is of a negative association.

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SPSS Statistics Lab Exercise 13

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