Assignment 2 2024 (1)

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University of North Carolina, Charlotte *

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6102

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Statistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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ASSIGNMENT 2: Chlamydia Diagnosis by Age, Newborn Health Outcomes by Prematurity, Paternal Age Distribution, Maternal Age by Education, & Hospital Administrative Decisions by Maternal Demographics Due: Wednesday, February 7 th by 11:59 pm Assignment 2 assesses concepts and skills primarily covered in Weeks 3-4/Modules 3-4 (see the Module Overview pages for specific module objectives that are assessed throughout this assignment). This class (and work in health/data analytics, epidemiology, and biostatistics, more generally) requires attention to detail and accuracy within assignments and exams. There will be points deducted when instructions are not followed carefully. Use the 2017 CDC natality (birth) dataset that we use in class to solve the questions below. Use only SAS commands learned in class, and include a screen image of the SAS code that shows the code- coloring of the commands in SAS when required to provide SAS code. When submitting your SAS code on assignments, please remember to include the first few lines of code when reading the data and keeping variables. These initial lines of code help you (and us while grading) to ascertain that you're keeping the necessary variables, for example, for inclusion in your analyses. If you are asked to produce graphs or tables, their titles that you add should reflect the content of the corresponding graphs/tables. Provide your responses in the spaces allocated. As noted in the syllabus, each assignment is worth 8% of your overall course grade, and assignments may be completed individually or with your peers. If you complete any assignments with peers, please remember that each individual submit their own assignment for grading and that you include on the submitted assignment the names of those with whom you collaborated (this information is also in the syllabus). 1. Chlamydia is believed to be a disease more prevalent in younger populations. What is the observed difference in average age between mothers diagnosed and not diagnosed with chlamydia (calculate the difference)? Produce a SAS table showing the averages for each subgroup. [ 10 points ] Response (5 points): SAS Table (3 points):

SAS Code (2 points): 2. Premature babies (those born before 37 weeks of gestation) are expected to have worse initial health outcomes than those born on or after week 37. APGAR10 scores serve as a discrete measure of newborn health outcomes. Using GESTREC3 for gestational time, calculate the following and provide the corresponding SAS tables: [ 25 points ] a. What is the observed difference in average APGAR10 scores between premature and non-premature newborns (calculate the difference)? b. Regardless of whether or not APGAR10 scores are reported, and among those with reported gestational time, what percentage of mothers had a premature delivery? c. How many women have a reported (i.e., known/stated) and applicable value for both APGAR10 and GESTREC3? Response to a (5 points): Response to b (5 points): SAS Tables (7 points) & Code (5 points):

Response to c (3 points): 3. Using the variable FAGECOMB (father’s combined age, which is a variable created through a combination of multiple sources): [ 20 points ] a. Produce a histogram depicting the father’s age, where each bar in the histogram comprises a 5 year range. Plot (5 points) & SAS Code (5 points):

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b. Based on the histogram you created above, what 5-year range of values is most likely to be observed (i.e., define the lower and upper bound of that range)? And, what is this descriptive statistic called? Response (5 points): c. What is the approximate percentage of fathers that falls in the range described in 3b? Response (5 points): 4. Researchers are interested in whether mother’s exposure to higher education is associated with later pregnancies in life. To explore this possibility, they request the following exploratory data analysis: [ 35 points ] a. What is the average age during pregnancy (with corresponding standard deviation, SD) of mothers with at least some college education (whether or not this education led to a degree), and how does it compare to the average age during pregnancy (with corresponding SD) of mothers without any college education? Justify your answer by including the corresponding SAS output. Response & SAS output (11.5 points):

b. What are the respective average ages (with corresponding SDs) when comparing (1) those with graduate degrees with (2) those with some college education or a higher education degree, but not a graduate degree? Justify your answer by including the corresponding SAS output. Response & SAS output (11.5 points): c. Produce a pie chart (with appropriate labels) showing the observed percentages of mothers in the two categories described in question 4b. Do not include any other category in this pie chart. Chart (5 points):

d. Provide the SAS code for all 3 parts above. SAS Code (7 points): 5. A hospital's maternity unit is arranging a purchase of beds to accommodate taller women and wants to use population-based natality data to gather estimates of heights, in order to inform this purchase. Most standard beds in the maternity unit of the hospital can accommodate women up to 70 inches tall, but those with heights above 70 inches will need special arrangements (or they will simply be uncomfortable). What percentage, among all women who reported a height, would require special arrangements (or be uncomfortable)? Report a SAS table that includes in one of its cells the numerical value of the response to this question. [ 10 points ] Response (4 points), Table (3 points), & SAS Code (3 points):

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