tute2_ans(2)

(X=2 )

In a famous study done in the 1960s two dolphins, Doris and Buzz, were trained to work together to earn fish. Doris was shown a light underwater. If the light was on steadily, her partner Buzz on the other side of the tank needed to press a button on the right for them to earn fish. If the light was blinking, he needed to press a button on the left. At one point in the study, the researcher hung a canvas in the middle of the tank in such a way that Buzz could not see the light. After looking at the light, Doris "swam near the curtain and began to whistle loudly. Shortly after that Buzz whistled back and then pressed the [correct] button". (Tintle, Rossman and Chance, MAA Prep Workshop) Of course, getting it right once was not enough to convince the scientists that there was really communication going on. It turned out, that in 15 out of 16 trials the dolphin pushed the correct button. Of course, it is possible that this happened just out of random chance - that the second dolphin just…

sum of squared residuals?