Sec 10.2 Writing Hyp Practice (2)

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Karachi School for Business & Leadership *

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Statistics

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Nov 24, 2024

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Section 10.2 – Writing Hypotheses for Χ 2 -Tests The only difference in the Tests of Independence/Homogeneity are the hypotheses! This assignment will help you practice that skill. For Tests of Independence, look for just ONE sample and words like – independent, related, associated. For Tests of Homogeneity, look for TWO or more samples and words like – same, different, equally. For each study, write the appropriate hypotheses. 1. Is there a relationship between having an epidural during childbirth and if moms are still breastfeeding after 6 months? Epidural? Yes No Still nursing after 6 months? Yes 206 498 No 190 284 Ho= There is no relationship between having an epidural during childbirth and if moms are still breastfeeding after 6 months Ha= There is a relationship between having an epidural during childbirth and if moms are still breastfeeding after 6 months 2. Has there been a change in the use of statistics in articles in the New England Journal of Medicine for the time periods 1978-79, 1989, and 2004-05? Publication Year 1978-79 1989 2004-05 No Stats 90 14 40 Stats 242 101 271 Ho: There has not been any change in the use of statistics in articles in the New England Journal of Medicine for the time periods 1978-79, 1989, and 2004-05 Ha: There has been a change in the use of statistics in articles in the New England Journal of Medicine for the time periods 1978-79, 1989, and 2004-05 3. Is the type of passenger on the Titanic related to their survival? Crew First Second Third Alive 212 202 118 178 Dead 673 123 167 528
Ho: Type of passengers on the Titanic and their survival are not related. Ha: Type of passengers on the Titanic and their survival are related. 4. Do the data showing rank attained by male and female officers in the NYPD indicate that rank is independent of gender? Male Female Officer 21,900 4,281 Detective 4,058 806 Sergeant 3,898 415 Lieutenant 1,333 89 Captain 359 12 Higher Ranks 218 10 Ho: Rank is independent of gender Ha: Rand is not independent of gender 5. Are there differences in the national origins of cars driven by students and staff when surveys are taken in a student lot and in a staff lot? Lot Student Staf American 107 105 European 33 12 Asian 55 47 Ho: There is no difference in the national origins of cars driven among students and staff Ha: There is a difference in the national origins of cars driven among students and staff 6. Have the responses to “Which is the ideal family?” changed between 1991 and 2001? 1991 2001 Both work full time 142 131 Once works full time, other part time 274 244 One works outside home, other at home 152 173
One works outside home, other stays home for kids 396 416 No opinion 51 51 Ho: The responses to "Which is the ideal family" has not changed between 1991 and 2001 Ha: The responses to "Which is the ideal family" has changed between 1991 and 2001 7. Students in a statistics class at a large university were classified by birth order and major. Are birth order and major associated? Birth Order 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4th or more Arts & Sciences 34 14 6 3 Agriculture 52 27 5 9 Social Science 15 17 8 3 Professional 13 11 1 6 Ho: Birth order and Major are independent Ha: Birth order and Major are not independent 8. Two different professors teach in introductory statistics course. Is one of these professors an “easier” grader? Prof. Alpha Prof. Beta A 3 9 B 11 12 C 14 8 D 9 2 F 3 1 Ho: There is no difference in grading between the two professors Ha: One professor is an "easier" grader 9. Some people believe that a full moon elicits unusual behavior in people. The table shows the number of arrests made in a small town during weeks for 6 full moons and 6 other randomly selected weeks in the same year. Is there evidence of a difference in the types of illegal activity during a full moon?
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Full Moon Not Full Violent 2 3 Property 17 21 Drugs/Alcohol 27 19 Domestic Abuse 11 14 Other 9 6 Ho: There is no difference in the types of illegal activity during a full moon and non-full moon Ha: There is a difference in the types of illegal activity during a full moon and non-full moon