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2 Citation Labov, w. (2021). the social stratification of (r) in New York city departmental stores . Main ideas The article describes language variations. A study was conducted on New York departmental stores to find out language variations between Black Americans and social settings that impact the language patterns of the city. Problem The problem addressed in the article is social stratification. Evidence Stores and groups in New York and other regions are differentiated by social stratification. If employees from different departmental stores were graded on a scale of three, top, middle, and lower employees would have a foreign language and forms of presenting concepts and ideas. Employees are differentiated in a fixed order. The setting and segmentation of stores is a significant factor that leads to social stratification. Key concepts Stores have different strategies that promote social stratification. This concept is evident in Saks stores that offer prestigious clothing and pay workers lower wages than Macy. New York workers would prefer working in prestigious stores that pay lower wages, which affects language variations and distribution across the city. Linguistic behaviors have described how different city dwellers develop their language. These behaviors are often linked to the psychological reasoning of the individuals.

3 The environment in which an individual is brought up significantly affects the type of language spoken. Race and originality also play a vital role in the development of language. Contributors The authors make significant contributions towards understanding social stratification. Life and cultural activities in urban areas influence linguistic behavior. Working conditions and employee segmentation are examples of how companies cause social stratification. Social class and prestige in workplaces also influence how workers develop language for communication. Assumptions I have had various assumptions about language development. One hypothesis is that city dwellers in New York, and other regions have one common language. The type of employment and wages employees receive does not affect language development. Another assumption I had was that language variations were evenly distributed between youths and adults. Perspective The article analyses the situation amicably. The author seems to have experienced life in the city, and the author assumes that other individuals have been nurtured in the same cultural and social phenomenon. Questions What are the causes for language variations in regions that speak more than one standard language? Are these reasons explained in the article applicable to individuals in rural areas?

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4 Things I understand Employment opportunities and social class affect linguistics behaviors. The best way to analyze and understand language variations is through data collections from individuals affected by these social stratifications.

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