The image of God is viewed in several ways, and the main models are below. The substantive model states that the image of God is found in certain qualities in human nature. These qualities and being made in God's image (Genesis 1:26-27) set humans apart from the rest of God's creation. This model suggests that there is something born in humans, such as physical and spiritual characteristics that reflect God's nature. “The image of God is universal within the human race.
1
” According to the relational view, the image of God is seen in human relationships. It is not about the human attributes like the substantive model, but it is about being able to have a relationship with God and others, which displays God's relational nature. This model seems to focus on relationships instead of essential human qualities.
The Functional view sees the image of God in roles of functions, especially humans being stewards over creation. Humans reflect God's image by taking care of the earth as instructed in Genesis 1:26-30 and Genesis 2:15. The view highlights the responsibility of humans and stewardship. The negative side of this view is that the image of God depends on the behaviors of humans.
While all of the views have good points, I think the substantive view, which focuses on human qualities given by God, best captures biblical teaching. Many Bible verses support it, such as Genesis 1:27 and Genesis 2. This view shows that every human being is valuable and has a purpose. The Old Testament Law requires moral living, which encourages living right and growing closer to God, which helps to better reflect His nature.
Jesus is the perfect image of God, as shown in Hebrews 1:3 and Colossians 1:15. Humans reflect
God's image and Jesus' nature, and humans, especially believers, should follow Jesus' actions of following God's will and have communion with Him.
1
Millard J. Erickson, Introducing Christian Doctrine
, ed. Arnold L. Hustad, Third Edition. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2015), 191.
