PSY 355 Module Five Milestone Final

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PSY 355 Module Five Milestone Template Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Part One Apply the foundational concepts of gender schema theory to address each of the following rubric criteria in 2 to 3 sentences: 1. Describe how gender schema theory explains the ways in which you process information about masculinity and femininity within your culture. In line with Sandra Bem's Gender Schema Theory, which suggests that children conform to their culture's gender norms early on. My upbringing in a non-traditional Indian household, where both parents worked and my father took on caregiving responsibilities, shaped a flexible gender schema. Bem's theory of androgynous gender identity suggests that I can effectively navigate both conventional and unconventional roles, challenging rigid gender norms in Indian culture, and illustrating that women can succeed professionally while fulfilling traditional family duties. (Cherry, 2020) 2. Describe the potential socio-psychological advantages of possessing a unique combination of masculine and feminine personality traits . Individuals who possess a unique combination of masculine and feminine personality traits might tend to be more adaptable in diverse social situations, as they can draw upon a broader range of behaviors and perspectives. Additionally, these individuals may experience enhanced interpersonal relationships and reduced psychological distress, as they are less constrained by traditional gender expectations and can express themselves authentically. (Cherry, 2020) 3. Describe how the deconstruction of traditional gender roles supports efforts toward achieving gender equality (e.g., pay equity, political representation, organizational leadership). For instance, in the workplace, when traditional gender roles are deconstructed, it means that both men and women are encouraged to pursue any career they are interested in, regardless of whether it has historically been considered a "masculine" or "feminine" profession. This shift can lead to increased pay equity as individuals are compensated based on their skills and experience rather than their gender. It can also result in more women and gender-diverse individuals attaining leadership positions and greater political representation, fostering a more balanced and equal society. 4. Describe the strengths and limitations of gender schema theory as it applies to the promotion of diversity, equity, and inclusivity. 1

Strengths of Gender Schema Theory in promoting diversity, equity, and inclusivity include its capacity to pinpoint the acquisition and perpetuation of gender stereotypes, predict gender- related behaviors, and its cross-cultural applicability. However, it has limitations in not accounting for the impact of biology and social interactions on gender development, challenges in measuring the content of gender schemas, and the fact that gender schemas may not always align with actual behavior. ( Vinney, 2019) Part Two Apply the foundational concepts of social role theory to address each of the following rubric criteria in 2 to 3 sentences: 1. Describe how social role theory explains the ways in which cultural norms reinforce the biological foundations of social roles. Social Role Theory explains that while biological differences between men and women form a foundation, culture shapes and amplifies these differences into both universal and culture- specific gender roles and expectations. Despite progress towards gender equity and fluidity, societal norms and cultural contexts determine how these roles are defined and maintained. (Myers & Twenge, 2021, p133) 5. Describe the influence of social role expectations within the various levels of your social ecosystem. Social role expectations shape interactions across society. In families, they can reinforce traditional gender roles, such as my ongoing role of caregiver to the elderly instead of my children who are now adults. Institutional policies, like limited parental leave, sustain gendered divisions of labor at the workplace. These expectations influence the entire social ecosystem, from households to broader societal structures. 6. Describe the ways in which your social, cultural, or spiritual attitudes might reinforce social role stereotypes. Social, cultural, and spiritual attitudes can perpetuate gender stereotypes. For example, a culture that emphasizes women as caregivers and men as leaders reinforces traditional roles, as seen in my father's authoritative position in the church, while my mother supported his spiritual endeavors. Such beliefs can reinforce traditional gender roles and expectations within the spiritual context. These attitudes can contribute to the continued acceptance of social role stereotypes within a given society. 2

3 Describe the strengths and limitations of social role theory as it applies to the promotion of diversity, equity, and inclusivity. Social role theory recognizes the influence of culture on roles, aiding diversity promotion. It allows contextual interventions and supports evolving roles. However, it primarily operates in a binary framework and can reinforce stereotypes if not critiqued. It may not fully address intersectionality or power dynamics, limiting its equity and inclusivity potential. For example, in a culture with traditional gender roles, social role theory could guide interventions encouraging diverse career choices, but without addressing power imbalances, it might inadvertently perpetuate inequalities. (Eagly & Wood, 2012)

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References: 4 Eagly, A., & Wood, W. (2012). Social role theory. (Vols. 1-2). SAGE Publications Ltd, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249222 Kendra Cherry, Mse. (2020) How cultural norms influence behavior and gender value , Verywell Mind . Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-gender-schema-theory-2795205 (Accessed: 01 October 2023). Myers, D., & Twenge, J. (2021). Social Psychology (14th ed.) p 133 McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9781260888522 Vinney, C. (2019) Gender schema theory explained , ThoughtCo . Available at: https://www.thoughtco.com/gender-schema-4707892 (Accessed: 01 October 2023).

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