EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE_BH

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Georgia Southern University *

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1101

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE We encourage you to complete this practice activity as you study and prepare for our first exam! This is an excellent study tool to help you test your own understanding as you prepare for Exam 1. Our first exam will be on Wednesday, September 27th . Aim to complete this activity early in the week, and then bring your work to the Exam 1 Review session for further discussion! You can earn bonus points for submitting your completed study guide before 11:59 pm on Tuesday, September 26th. You may submit your work to Blayke at the study session or you may upload your completed document to the Exam 1 Study Guide Assignments folder in FOLIO. * This is an optional activity; you are not required to complete this assignment. Section 1: Careers in Psychology A. True/False 1. Every psychologist is a therapist. ____________ 2. Behavioral Neuroscience is a subfield of psychology. ___________ 3. A psychologist only works in an office. ______________ 4. There are five psychological domains. _____________ B. Matching Activity _____ The scientific study of development across a lifespan. A. Mental & Physical Health _____ Explains human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations. B. Biological _____ Includes the study of abnormal psychology, with its focus on abnormal thoughts and behaviors, as well as counseling and treatment methods, and recommendations for coping with stress and living a healthy life. C. Developmental _____ The application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior. D. Cognitive _____ The area of psychology that focuses on studying cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to our experiences and our actions. E. Social & Personality False True False True B A E C D

Section 2: Research Methods & Ethics A. True/False 1. A hypothesis should be testable and falsifiable. ____________ 2. Height is positively correlated with intelligence. This means that being taller causes people to be more intelligent. ____________ 3. In a double-blind study, participants are blind to which group they are going to be assigned to, but the researchers are aware. _____________ 4. Researchers must go over informed consent with participants before beginning the study. _____________ 5. Correlational research provides evidence for cause-and-effect relationships. ________________ 6. Participants refer to humans and subjects refer to animals. _____________ 7. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) ensures that all experimental proposals require the humane treatment of animal research subjects. ______________ 8. Participants are unable to leave a study after the study has begun. _____________ 9. Deception is never allowed in studies. _____________ 10. Before experimenting with participants, researchers need approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). ___________________ 11. A set of ideas to explain an observed phenomenon is known as a hypothesis. __________ B. Matching Activity Match each scenario with the correct definition. _____ Looking for the relationship between screen time and aggression levels in children. A. Naturalistic Observation ____ When researchers studied Genie Wiley, the feral girl who was neglected and abused, causing long-term effects to her development, which specific study was used? B. Case Study _____ If you wanted to establish that there is a cause-and-effect relationship, what kind of study would you conduct? C. Experimental ______ A researcher wants to observe the hierarchical roles of animals in the jungle. Hidden cameras are set up throughout their habitat. What type of study does this best describe? D. Correlational Study True False False True False True True False False True False D B C A

C. Multiple Choice 1. When researchers want to focus on one or a few individuals, what type of study would they use? a. Case Study b. Naturalistic Observational c. Archival Study d. Surveys 2. If a researcher wanted to observe how people will react to another person falling on campus, which study would be best to use? a. Archival Study b. Case Study c. Naturalistic Observation d. Survey 3. Blayke is doing research on the effects of eating healthy. She finds out that increasing intake of whole foods (vegetables, fruits, grains) can improve mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. What can Blayke report as her findings? a. Eating whole foods causes mental health to improve. b. Mental health is improved because the individual is going to feel good about dieting. c. Eating whole foods is positively correlated with improvement in mental health. d. There is a negative correlation between eating whole foods and improvement of mental health. 4. A positive correlation occurs when ______________ a. one variable increases and the other variable decreases. b. both variables increase. c. both variables stay stagnant. d. one variable increases and the other stays the same. 5. What is the first step of the scientific method? a. Make a hypothesis b. Observe a natural phenomenon and define a question about it. c. Test the hypothesis. d. Draw conclusions and repeat. 6. What is the purpose of random sampling? a. To ensure participants are representative of the population. b. To rule out extraneous variables. c. It makes the researcher's job easier. d. It increases the chances for positive correlations. 7. Who is responsible for all aspects of the research? a. Institutional Review Board (IRB) b. Participants c. Primary researcher d. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) 0 & 0 8 ⑧ D ⑧

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D. Short Answer Questions/Scenarios 1. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and two potential extraneous variables in the prompts below: Sleeping for 7 hours each night the week prior to an exam will result in higher test scores. Independent variable _________________ Dependent variable ___________________ Two extraneous variables ________________ Exercising for at least 150 minutes a week will lower chances of cardiovascular disease. Independent variable ________________________ Dependent variable __________________________ Two extraneous variables _____________________ 2. Provide one benefit (or primary purpose) of random assignment for an experimental study. . 3. Identify one ethical concern that took place in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and one ethical concern from the Stanley Milgram Study. 4. What is debriefing? Why is it important? At what point in the research study does it occur? E. Fill in the blank 1. As Johnny began to drink more alcohol, his grades in school started to drop. This is a ___________ correlation. 2. The variable observed and measured by the researcher is the ____________________. 3. The variable manipulated by the researcher is the ____________________. 4. Individuals should read and sign the _______________ form before participating in a study. 5. A number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between variables is a ___________________. 6. The _______________ does not receive treatment or exposure to the independent variable. Amount of time slept Test score If they slept good & if the person studied Amount of exercise Chances of cardiovascular disease Gender and how old the person is It avoids bias work The Tuskegee Syphilis Study did not have informed consent and it was very unequal & bias. The Stanley Milgram Study had the use of deception without debriefing. Debriefing: informs participants about the study if deception was used after the study is done. Negative Dependent variable Independent variable Consent Correlation coefficient Control group

Section 3: Neuropsychology, Sleep, and Memory A. True/False 1. The sympathetic system calms our body down and returns it to its resting state. ___________ 2. The cerebrum is the “control center” of the brain. ____________ 3. The cerebellum is only 10% of the brain. ______________ 4. The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are a part of the somatic system. ____________ 5. Explicit memories are those of which we are not consciously aware of. ________________ 6. We never fail to encode information. _______________ 7. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model, if we rehearse short-term memories, they can be encoded into long-term memory. _____________________ B. Matching Activity Match the parts of a neuron : a. Dendrite b. Axon terminal c. Soma d. Nucleus e. Axon f. Myelin sheath ___ The space between two neurons A. Terminal button ___ Transmit information from our brains to our muscles B. Motor neuron ___ Neurons that fire when a person enacts or observes a behavior C. Synapse ___ Sends messages to other neurons D. Neurotransmitter ____Chemical message being released E. Mirror neuron True True True False False False True C B E A D A B C D E F

C. Multiple Choice 1. A neuron receives messages from its: a. Dendrites b. Axon c. Cell body d. Myelin sheath 2. Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells? a. Help the neurons line up closely with each other to allow neuronal communication. b. Provide nourishment to neurons c. Hold neurons in place. d. Transport messages from one neuron to the next. 3. What part of the neuron carries messages from the synapse to the dendrite? a. Axon b. Terminal buttons c. Neurotransmitters d. Myelin sheath 4. What is the biggest part of the brain? a. Midbrain b. Hindbrain c. Forebrain d. Frontal lobe 5. What part of the brain is linked to language production? a. Temporal lobe b. Broca’s area c. Wernicke’s area d. Parietal lobe 6. What part of the brain is linked to speech comprehension? a. Temporal lobe b. Broca’s area c. Wernicke’s area d. Parietal lobe 7. What connects the two hemispheres together? a. Cerebral cortex b. Corpus callosum c. Sulcus d. Spinal cord 8. What part of the limbic system is responsible for memory conversion? a. Hypothalamus b. Amygdala c. Thalamus d. Hippocampus 9. What measures eye activity? a. EEG b. EMG c. EOG 10. What measures muscle activity? a. REM b. EEG c. EMG d. EOG 11. Which of the following is NOT an example of implicit memory? a. Riding a bike b. Brushing your teeth c. Recalling the Pythagorean theorem d. Dressing yourself ⑧ 0 ⑧ O D 8 ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ E

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D. Short Answer Questions 1. What is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory messages? 2. While Brian was watching the television, his cat knocked over a vase, causing Brian to be startled. His heart rate and breathing increased tremendously. a. What system was activated? b. What system is going to be activated in order to calm Brian’s body back down? 3. Identify one primary function of the: a. Prefrontal cortex b. Occipital lobe c. Parietal lobe 4. Jackie was in a bad accident and since then, she has been unable to retain memories. Which structure of her limbic system was damaged? 5. Identify three consequences of insufficient sleep? a. b. c. 6. What is the difference between rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM)? 7. What is the three-system approach to memory? Diagram this system with arrows to show direction. Excitatory fires neurons while inhibitory will stop the message from the neuron. Sympathetic Parasympathetic Personality Vision Sensory perception Hippocampus Irritability Concentration issues Tiredness REM sleep is rapid eye movement which occurs when dreaming and has increased brain waves. Non-REM has no dreams Encode. store retrieve 3-

E. Fill in the blank 1. The outer layer of the brain is the ______________. 2. A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons are called the _____________________________. 3. REM stands for _______________. 4. EEG measures ________________. 5. Declarative memory involves the recollection of __________________. Cerebral cortex Dendrites Rapid eye movement Brain activity Facts and events

EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE_BH

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