Week 4 Virtual Lab

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Chamberlain College of Nursing *

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Week 4 Nervous System-Brain, Cranial nerves, and ANS Learning Objectives:  Distinguish the parts of the brain based on location, anatomical landmarks, and function  Identify the 3 meninges and their relationship to the blood brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid.  Name the 12 cranial nerves and identify their functions  Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Introduction: The brain is the control center of the nervous system and along with the spinal cord, forms the central nervous system. It is protected by the cranial cavity and can be divided into 4 main parts: the brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum. It is covered by protective meninges and contains cavities/sinuses that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Although the brain mainly communicates with the body through the spinal cord, it also uses 12 cranial nerves that arise directly from the nuclei in the brain. These are considered part of the peripheral nervous system and they serve the head and neck region. They are sensory, motor, or mixed nerves. The autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system that subconsciously maintains, monitors, and controls internal functions such as heart rate, blood vessel diameter, smooth muscle, and secretion of glands. Let’s put that brain to work and explore these amazing parts of the nervous system! Assignment: Part 1 Complete the following activities on Anatomy.TV Nervous System: Brain, Meninges and CSF, Cranial nerves, and Autonomic nervous system. To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A- Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose Nervous System>choose assigned sections You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section. Have the lab report near while working through the lab so you can record data. Part 2 Complete the lab report.

Nervous System Lab Report 1. Identify a function of the following areas of the brain and brainstem: (5 points; ½ point each) Area Function Frontal lobe - Cognitive high-level thoughts (including abstract thinking) - Memory control of voluntary movements. Temporal lobe - Special Senses: Hearing, Smelling. - Learning and Memory (retrieval). - Emotions. Occipital lobe - Visual interpretation Parietal lobe - Body Orientation - Primary gustatory cortex (taste). Cerebellum - Controls muscle coordination. - Maintains balance and equilibrium. - Fine-tunes movements at the conscious and subconscious levels. Medulla - Contains the cell bodies for the vestibulocochlear, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerve. - Houses the following centers: a. Cardiovascular center b. Respiratory center c. Vomiting center d. Deglutition center Basal ganglia - Caudate nucleus: Sub-control of voluntary movement. - Putamen: Reinforcement and coordination of learned motor skills. - Globus pallidus: Involved in inhibiting muscular activity and reducing muscle tone. Limbic system - Involved with emotion and learning. - Influences the formation of memory. - Involved in linking smell and memory. Amygdala - Involved with the emotions of fear and aggression. Hippocampus - Critical to forming new memories. 2. Describe the blood-brain barrier. (2 points) Several structural processes surrounding blood vessels and brain tissue that prevent the passage of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood to the brain. 3. What structure produces CSF? (1 point)

The Choroid Plexus produces Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). 4. What are the functions of the CSF? (2 points) This fluid nourishes and protects the brain and spinal cord as it flows around them, absorbing the shock of mechanical pressures. CSF also allows the brain to remain afloat in the cranial vault. 5. Choose 2 cranial nerves and identify their name, number, and function. (3 points total; ½ point each) Cranial Nerve Number Cranial nerve Name Function CN II Optic Nerve The special sense of vision CN VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve Balance; Hearing 6. a. Discuss the transport of glucose across the blood-brain barrier. (1 point) Glucose-rich blood is in high demand throughout the brain. Glucose from blood enters the brain across the BBB by a transport protein. This is known as GLUT-1; these transporters carry glucose molecules through the BBB. b. Why is this important? (1 point) Glucose is the primary energy source for the brain, and its neurons are constantly synthesizing their own ATP from glucose.

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Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity Deliverable Point s Part 1 Complete Anatomy.TV activities 15 Part 2 Complete lab report 15 Total Complete all lab activities 30

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