PSY108_Project_One_Milestone

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1 Project One Milestone: Graphic Organizer Kevin Swanson Southern New Hampshire University PSY 108: Introduction to Psychology Iris J. Kugmeh August 28, 2023

2 PSY 108 Project One Milestone Graphic Organizer COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 COLUMN 3 COLUMN 4 COLUMN 5 1. Overview of perspective 2. How does the perspective relate to nature? 3. How does the perspective relate to nurture? 4. How does this perspective study or explain stress? 5. Think about the ways stress impacts your own life. In your opinion, is nature or nurture more significant for this perspective, and why? Neuroscience: How the structures and chemistry of the brain and body influence mental process and behavior Brain and body development is influenced by biological factors, such as genetic expression (Honeycutt, 2019). Brain and body development is influenced by responses to changes in our environment (Honeycutt, 2019). The neuroscience perspective studies the chemical causes and effects of stress, from the release of the hormone cortisol to the effects of chronic stress on the body. I think nature is more significant for the neuroscience perspective. I am of the opinion that nature is more significant than nurture in the neuroscience perspective of psychology. For one thing, our brains are incredibly complex, and this complexity is by-in-large determined by genetics. It is these selfsame genes that control their development of neurons, and the neural pathways they form. Admittedly, environmental factors can have an influence on the brain's development, it pales in comparison to genetics and it's influence. Evolutionary: How natural selection of traits promotes the We are born with instincts that promote our survival and the propagation Our ability to survive depends on our ability to adapt to the changing demands of life The evolutionary perspective explains that our biological response to stress was passed down I think nature is more significant for the evolutionary perspective. The idea that, over time, our behaviors and our thoughts have evolved in order to help us as a

3 PSY 108 Project One Milestone Graphic Organizer survival and reproduction of genes of our species (Honeycutt, 2019). (Honeycutt, 2019). from our ancestors because it helped them survive threatening situations. species survive and reproduce. It is this idea that is the core of the evolutionary perspective of psychology; meaning: our genes have been shaped over vast periods of time by natural selection to favor those traits that are adaptive, such as cooperation the ability to learn, and intelligence. Again, while admittedly nurture, i.e. environmental factors such as enculturation and the unique life experiences can have an influence own our development that influence, again, pales in comparison to the influence genitive have. Take, for example the various studies that have been done on identical twins who share 100% of the genes that shows these twins are far more likely to share similar personality traits than do fraternal twins who share only 50% of their genetic code. Millions of years it has taken to shape and select, and to favor those genetic traits that are adaptive. It for this reason, cheifly, that I say nature is more significant than nurture in the evolutionary perspective of psychology. Behavior Genetics: How genes and Genetic predisposition and Our lived experience influences the coding The behavior genetics perspective investigates I think nature is more significant for the behavior genetics perspective. Behavior

4 PSY 108 Project One Milestone Graphic Organizer environment interact and work together to influence our traits and behaviors innate knowledge help to shape our attitudes and choices (Honeycutt, 2019). and expression of our genes (Levitt, 2013). whether genes predispose some people to stress, how stress affects gene expression, and how stress can alter our genes through epigenetic changes. genetics is the study of the relative contributions of genes and environment to individual differences in behavior. This perspective argues that our genes play a significant role in determining our behavior, and that environmental factors, such as our upbringing and experiences, play a lesser role. There is a lot of evidence to support this view. For example, studies of twins have shown that identical twins, who share 100% of their genes, are more similar in their behavior than fraternal twins, who share only 50% of their genes. This suggests that genes play a significant role in determining our behavior. Of course, environmental factors can also play a role in shaping our behavior. However, the behavior genetics perspective argues that genes are more significant than environment in determining our behavior. Psychodynamic: How unconscious drives and desires influence behavior We are naturally, and unconsciously, driven to seek pleasure and avoid death (Freud, 1920). Childhood experiences influence how we manage the conflict between our desires and society’s rules (Harper, 2023). The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes how our inner conflicts and early childhood experiences influence our ability to deal with stress. I think nature is more significant for the psychodynamic perspective. The psychodynamic perspective of psychology is based on the idea that our personality is shaped by our unconscious drives and conflicts. These drives and conflicts are thought to be rooted in our biology, or nature. For example, Sigmund Freud, one of the founders of psychodynamic theory, believed that our personality is shaped by

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