613 ADHD Case Assignment

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Psychology

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Jun 19, 2024

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Running Head: ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 1 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Case Assignment: MFT 613 Joseph Lovett May 29, 2023 Child-Focused Family Therapy

ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 2 Introduction This assignment will delve into the intricacies of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), specifically focusing on its various symptoms, extensive research findings, and the range of treatment options available for children and adolescents. The goal is to provide a thorough overview of evidence-based interventions for ADHD, covering the most effective methods and approaches to help those affected manage and overcome their condition. Defining the Problem: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent behavioral disorder commonly observed in childhood. It affects approximately 5% of children worldwide and 2.5% of adults (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 61) and ADHD is more common in males than females with a ratio of 2:1 in children (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 63). Despite increasing recognition, ADHD remains underdiagnosed in most countries, particularly among older children and girls. It is important to note that ADHD can persist into adulthood, increasing the risk of other mental health disorders, educational underachievement, employment and relationship difficulties, and criminal behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 63). These long-term consequences can be detrimental to an individual's well-being and quality of life. Early recognition and treatment of ADHD-like symptoms in children can significantly improve long-term outcomes (Sayal et al., 2018). According to Sayal et al. (2018) barriers to accessing care that need to be addressed these barriers may include a lack of resources, stigma, and a shortage of trained professionals (Sayal et al., 2018). Much research has investigated the relationship between ADHD and socioeconomic status. The findings from these studies have

ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 3 consistently shown a correlation between the occurrence of ADHD and socioeconomic disadvantage (Sayal et al., 2018). Specifically, evidence suggests that individuals from, “Families classified as more deprived are between 1.5 and 4 times more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than those from less deprived families” (Sayal et al., 2018, p. 5-6). A survey conducted in the United States showed a higher prevalence of ADHD in areas with higher levels of deprivation, as reported by parents. This prevalence is significantly higher than in areas with lower levels of deprivation, indicating that there may be a link between socioeconomic disadvantage and ADHD prevalence in some regions of the country (Sayal et al., 2018). Individuals with ADHD experience a neurodevelopmental condition that results in consistent patterns of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These patterns can disrupt day-to-day functioning and development, making it essential to identify symptoms and provide appropriate interventions. Inattention can cause difficulty focusing, disorganization, or trouble staying on task, while hyperactivity can lead to "excessive motor activity like fidgeting or talking excessively" (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 61). Impulsivity can lead to impulsive decision-making, interrupting others, or acting without considering consequences (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 61). Symptoms of ADHD vary in severity and may differ between children and adults. Children may need help following directions, experience forgetfulness, or frequently misplace items. Conversely, adults may experience difficulties with time management, organization, and completing tasks on time (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Sayal et al., 2018). It is important to note that while often associated with children, ADHD persists into adulthood for many individuals (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Criteria

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