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(1) Name and explain the three crises of federalism. (2) Civil War—The Civil War left the national government with control over banking, (3) transportation, higher education, and land management (4) Civil War—The Civil War left the national government with control over banking, (5) transportation, higher education, and land management (6) Civil War—The Civil War left the national government with control over banking, (7) transportation, higher education, and land management (8) Civil War—The Civil War left the national government with control over banking, (9) transportation, higher education, and land management (10) Civil War—The Civil War left the national government with control over banking, (11) transportation, higher education, and land management (12) Civil War—The Civil War left the national government with control over banking, (13) transportation, higher education, and land management Civil War—The Civil War left the national government with control over banking, transportation, higher education, and land management, Industrialization Era—This was a problem for the states because businesses had a monopoly on the capital, engaging in price-fixing, and making it difficult for the states to regulate commerce. The federal government passed laws regulating the conduct of trade, as well as laws regulating food and drugs. The Justice Department also enforced laws. The presidents during this period were Theodore Roosevelt (1901-09) and Wilson (1913-21). Depression—Franklin D. Roosevelt offered America the New Deal package. The purpose of the New Deal program was for America to have relief, recovery, and reform. (2) List the 10 advantages of federalism. Encourages policy innovation. Encourages experimentation. Protects liberties.

Allows many functions to be worked out by the national government, and then it trickles down to the states. Allows state governments to be training grounds for future leaders. Manages conflict. This increases political participation. Stops the notion of interposition. It disperses power. Keeps the government closer to the people. (3) Name and explain the five major powers of federalism. Delegated Powers—Powers that are specifically spelled out in the Constitution for the national government only. Example: The power to print or coin money or the power to declare war. Express powers are sometimes referred to as enumerated powers. Concurrent Powers—Powers both the national government and states share. Example: Both the national government and the states can tax their citizens. Reserved Powers—The 10th Amendment powers state that all powers not given to the U.S. Constitution are therefore reserved to the people and the states. Inherent Powers—The national government’s powers in foreign affairs. Example: Making treaties with foreign nations. Implied Powers—Those powers that are not specifically spelled out in the U.S. Constitution but are yet possessed by the national government through the necessary and proper clause. (4) Explain the mass media's role in campaigns and elections. The media plays a very crucial role in campaigns and elections. The media engages in image-making, and by doing so, it can make a political candidate look strong and positive, or weak and negative. (5) Explain Box 9-1 in at least two paragraphs. The Clinton/Lewinsky scandal dominated the news and is remembered as one of the biggest media extravaganzas of all time. Many felt that the media gave it too

much attention and should have focused on more important issues, like the Balkan crisis. Republicans and conservatives were criticizing Clinton, but some believe there were other motives behind their attacks. Explains how Bill Clinton was always surrounded by African Americans. It also says that Bill Clinton always seemed to support people of color, especially those of African American descent, and that Mr. Clinton wasn’t afraid of doing it publicly either. It is concerning to see politicians being attacked for their behavior, as this can distract from important policy issues and undermine the democratic process. The Clinton/Lewinsky scandal was taken too far by Kenneth Starr and Republicans, and it was ultimately a distraction from more pressing matters. However, it is important to hold our elected officials accountable for their actions and ensure that they are behaving in a manner that is consistent with the values and principles of our society. At the same time, we must also be mindful of not allowing personal attacks to overshadow important policy debates and discussions in our political system. (6) Explain the three important way’s public opinion plays in American politics. Constant—Public opinion issues that change little from day to day. Dynamic—Public opinion issues that change according to political and social events. Intense—Public opinion issues in which individuals believe strongly and, thus, are willing to act on their beliefs. (7) Explain Box 9-2 in at least two paragraphs. Box 9-2 presents a debate on whether media violence affects society or not. On one hand, proponents argue that studies have shown a link between violence in movies and television and the increase in violence in society. They believe that the entertainment industry has not done enough to address the issue and that the government and the public should work together to reduce violence in the media. Susan Lamson, for example, suggests that pressure should be put on the entertainment industry to reduce violence on television. The second argument presented in Box 9-2 takes the opposite view, suggesting that media violence does not harm society. This argument is supported by John Leonard, who believes that while there is violence on television, it also educates and inspires individuals. He suggests that television has become a scapegoat for societal issues that go beyond what is shown on the screen.

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