The Declaration of Independence
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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
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The Declaration of Independence Essay
Manaria L. Coats
Helms School of Government, Liberty University
GOVT 421: American Constitutional History (B01) Dr. David Van Heemst
June 3, 2024
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
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The Declaration of Independence: Ideas, Rights and Concepts
Main Ideas of the Declaration
The Declaration of Independence is crucial to the development of our government as we
know it today and is fundamentally shaped by numerous ideas. For example, it drives the
principle of equality and the notion that all men are born with unalienable right. These
unalienable rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, are heavily influenced by John
Locke. According to the Locke Foundation, “the Declaration and Resolves of the First
Continental Congress – which was written two years prior to the Declaration of Independence by
authors such as John Adams and George Washington – quotes Locke almost verbatim in
resolving ‘[Colonists] are entitled to life, liberty and property” (Goforth, 2019). Secondly, it
emphasizes the concept of government by consent, which means the government derives its
power and authority from the consent of the people. And when a government fails to uphold this
role, the Declaration argues that the people have the right to abolish it. (Mclellan, 1989). In
addition to the right of government by consent, the Declaration upholds that the people are
justified in overthrowing a government that violates their fundamental rights. And, have the right
to establish a new government that will better ensure their rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness. Lastly, the Declaration lists specific grievances against King George III. They detail
how he had violated the colonists’ rights which justified their decision to seek independence
(Editors, 2019). These foundational ideas collectively highlight the Declaration’s rationale for an
independent America.
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
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Understanding: Natural Rights and Natural Law
The foundation to understanding the rights in the Declaration is grounded in the concepts
of natural rights and natural law. First, Natural law is “the belief that there is a higher law
governing political rulers and the affairs of mankind which emanates from God” (Mclellan,
1989). The truths declared “self-evident" implies that these truths are universally recognizable
and form the basis for political authority. Natural law provides the foundation for natural rights,
asserting that these rights are grounded in human nature and can be understood through reason.
In comparison, natural rights are that everyone has. The inalienable rights: life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness, are a prime example of what natural rights are. Another example from The
Federalist Society states, “No person has a right to harm another as that means one person’s right
interferes with another person’s right” (Watkins, 2019). Collectively, both natural law and
natural rights have molded the understanding of the Declaration. They assert that the inalienable
rights are self-evident and must be protected by the government, not granted by them.
Political Ideas Not in the Declaration
The Declaration of Independence has asserted principles of natural rights and equality while also
leaving out political ideas that were later addressed int the U.S. Constitution. For starters, the
Declaration does not provide a detailed structure of government, or the implementation of checks
and balances. Secondly, there was no mention of economic systems such as capitalism and
socialism. These ideas came into fruition when drafting up the Constitution as it was a main
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