Chapter 3 Assignment

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Bellevue College *

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Political Science

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Jun 11, 2024

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Part 1 To what extent are Blacks and Latinos represented in state legislatures, and how does that minority representation vary by region? It’s important that state legislatures who are Black or Latino, reflect the communities' interest in order for the policies to represent them. Black and Latino gain more participation in state legislature due to the The Voting Rights Act and Supreme Court was created major and minority districts for state legislatures. This is especially true in states with larger populations of Black and Latinos. If Blacks consisted of 15% of state legislatures, you would think they were well represented in many states. If a state consisted of 25% black population, then the 15% figure would mean they were underrepresented. To consider minority groups representation as a ratio of the percentage of a group in the state legislature divided by the percentage of the group of the population in the state. It is important to consider the right ratio of minority groups in the state with the amount of the minorities and the legislatures. How did the controversies over access to voting and long lines at the polls during the 2016 election reflect federalism? The poling stations in Maricopa County reduced to 60 in 2016. With only 60 poling stations the county provided only 1 poling spot per 20,000 voters. Maricopa County was trying to save money. In Maricopa County 30% of the population was Latino, since they made the decision to cut down the poling sites it heavily influenced Latinos voting. The county made the decision to cut down the voting sites prior to 2013, so it would require gaining approval from the United States government to make any changes with the voting procedures with the department of justice. Arizona state has a history of discrimination against Latinos, and it had a negative impact for the Latino voters. The history of voting discrimination was unconstitutional which ended the need for Arizona locals to pre-approve changes and voting procedures including poling stations. The US department of Justice said they would investigate Maricopa County’s actions based on its authority under the Voting Rights Act to investigate any state or local government actions that limit racial and ethnic minorities the right to vote. This related to federalism because they needed the federal government to approve the changes to be made to the voting process such as closing the poling sites. How has federalism influenced the status of Indian tribes in American government?
Indian tribes were regarded as foreign countries under the Articles of Confederation. This allowed them to independently make treaties with states and colonial administrations until the Constitution was ratified in 1787. State governments also tried to gain control over the tribes that were inside their borders, despite the Constitution giving the federal government the right to interact with various tribes and the Indian Commerce Clause giving the federal government the power to regulate commerce with Indian tribes. Indians' relations with the American government were initially quite independent, but the exclusionary political culture that dominated American politics in the early nineteenth century resulted in policies that seized tribal territories Chief Justice John Marshall and the U.S. Supreme Court resolved disagreements on Indians' place in the federal government of the United States in the early 1830s. Despite being a fervent patriot, Marshall had a more nuanced opinion on the position of Indian tribes. They pray to our government for help, trust in its generosity and might, plead with it to grant their wishes, and refer to their president as their authority. Both foreign countries and we view them and their nation as entirely under the sovereignty and dominion of the United States, to the extent that any attempt to obtain their lands or establish a political relationship with them would be viewed by all as an act of hostility and an invasion of our territory. Part 2 How are federalism and President Hayes' decision to withdraw federal troops in the south related? The allies of Rutherford Hayes and the Democrats came to an unofficial agreement in 1877 to resolve the outcome of the 1876 presidential election. With this compromise, the Reconstruction era came to an end. The only three Southern states with republican administrations still in office throughout the Reconstruction era were Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, where the election was largely disputed. In an attempt to negotiate the acceptance of Rutherford Hayes' election, Hayes' allies met with moderate southern Democrats. Democrats consented to support Hayes' election win as long as Republicans withdrew all federal soldiers from the South, granting Democrats authority over the states in the South. This resulted in the Compromise of 1877 and caused Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina to all become democratic once and brought the end the to the Reconstruction era. What type of federalism was implemented in that situation in history? During this period of time, Dual federalism was being used in this situation because it was in 1877. After the election in 1876 the Republicans refused to accept the lost and accused
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