Review Questions Unit 7

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Review Questions #1 1. What was fascism a reaction against?  Liberalism and Socialism, fascism is against governing ideologies that align with “the Enlightenment” or beliefs that prioritize individuals or individuality over the state. 2. What are the five key ideas of the Enlightenment that unite liberalism and socialism?  The five key ideas of the Enlightenment that unite liberalism and socialism are Humanism, Rationalism, Secularism, Progressivism, and Universalism. 3. From the lecture, what key symbol is associated with fascism and why?  In the lecture, the symbol associated with fascism is the bundled sticks around an axe. This symbology represents the binding off all peoples under the state together and tying them to the state itself. 4. Describe how fascists think about individual liberty.  Fascist think about individual liberty in the sense that they believe the good or welfare of the state must be the key interests of the individual. That one is at liberty to prioritize the state in one’s own way, but, if the individual’s interests are misaligned from the states, then they are worthless. 5. How do fascists understand freedom? Describe the triadic model of freedom for fascism.  Fascists understand freedom as it relates to the free nature of the state to progress or better itself and it is the individuals’ purpose to prioritize and sacrifice in the name of said state’s priorities. The triadic model of freedom for fascism is, the agent is the nation state, the obstacles are individualism, independent groups and class division. Lastly, the goal is the power and glory of the state. 6. How do fascists see the state? Are they afraid of it? Why or why not? Fascists see the state as the ultimate and only legitimate authority. They prioritize the state as more important than religious diversity, racial or nationality origins, subcultures and so on. Fascists are not afraid of the state because the sacrifice demanded of the people, in the name of the glorification of the state, is considered honorable and mandate. Review Questions #2 1. From the lecture, identify the "equation" that sums up Hitler’s fascism.  From the lecture, the “equation” that summed up Hitler’s fascism is Nationalism, Militarism and Totalitarianism (Which together equals Fascism) + Racism. This slightly altered Fascism is referred to as Nazism. 2. Why are flags and other symbols of the state important to fascists? What thinker emphasized this element of fascism? Flags and symbols of the state were important to fascists as they believed in the irrationality of human nature. Instead of placing importance on approaching political answers to social problems with rationality, fascist believe in appeasing the emotions of the masses through pageantry and displays of power. The thinker who emphasized this element of fascism was Gaetano Mosca. 3. What is a key difference between German and Italian fascists? The key difference between German and Italian fascists was the lack of “racial purity” in the Italian approach. Italian Fascist were more focused on Nationalism and the use of geographic location as a way to bind the people. 4. From the lecture, what was lebensraum, and why was it important?  In the lecture, Lebensraum “living space” was referred to as territory that Hitler believed was rightfully Germanys or the Arians and Europe was the area the need to provide enough land to support their way of life. It is important as it fuels the Nazi agenda of taking the land from “lesser races” and provided the necessity to villainize those peoples who held those lands or races that would oppose the Nazis. 5. Referring to the lectures, reading assignments, or videos, what do you dislike about fascism? 
With reference to the provided materials, what I dislike about fascism is the disregard to reason. The appeal of a kind of circus government appealing to an uneducated or fickle public is the large scale narcissistic version of picking on the younger or immature kid in class and then lying about being their friend to get them to agree to the mistreatment. Also, with regard to governing ideologies I dislike the idea of totalitarianism in its pursuit to control the economic prosperity of a country. Fascists are rigid in their belief structure and closed to conceptual change, this staves an economy of ingenuity and creativity. Over a long enough period of time, Fascism as seen in the Axis application would have stalled and led to wide scale poverty.
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