Sound Lab

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California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo *

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101

Subject

Physics

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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pdf

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4

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Rice 1 Natalie Rice Mr. Salgado Physics Block B 18 May 2023 Sound Lab Introduction Have you ever been to New York City? Have you heard the loud honks, the sirens, the voices of the people and different types of music? This is caused by noise, which is made up of irregular sound waves and different frequencies. In this lab, we'll look at the ideas of beats, constructive and destructive interference, amplitude, wavelength, and resonance to learn more about how sound works in everyday life. Experimental Setup Part 1 The tools needed for the first portion of this lab were a sound generator, a graduated cylinder, an open-ended tube, a meter stick, and water. Start by filling the graduated cylinder with water until it is about 90% full. After that, choose a frequency while holding the tube slightly underwater. To locate the point of resonance, move the tube up and down. The air column, which is located at the top of the open-ended tube, is measured and noted in relation to the water's surface. Repeat this procedure four more times using various frequencies.
Rice 2 Data Part 1 Speed of sound formula: ? 1 = ?/4𝐿 Frequency (Hz) Air Column Length (m) Speed of Sound (m/s) 400 Hz 0.2 m 320 m/s 600 Hz 0.125 m 300 m/s 800 Hz 0.105 m 336 m/s 1000 Hz 0.08 m 320 m/s 1100 Hz 0.06 m 264 m/s Average measured speed of sound: 308 m/s Actual speed of sound: 343 m/s Percent error formula: %???𝑜? = ??𝑎????? − 𝑎???𝑎? | | 𝑎???𝑎? × 100% % error = -10.2% Experimental Setup Part 2 The tools needed for the first phase of this lab were two sound generators, a graduated cylinder, an open-ended tube, a timer, and water. Play the frequency 400 on one sound generator while playing the frequency 401 on the other. Establish a timer and note how long it takes to perform 20 beats. Use the various repetition rates mentioned in the table below.
Rice 3 Data & Analysis Part 2 Beat frequency formula: Fb = F2-F1 Trial Total Time for 20 Beats (s) Beat Period (s) Beat Frequency (Hz) 400 and 401 Hz 19.26 s 0.963 s 1 Hz 400 and 402 Hz 9.61 s 0.4805 s 2 Hz 600 and 601 Hz 17.9 s 0.895 s 1 Hz 600 and 602 Hz 8.43 s 0.4215 s 2 Hz 600 and 603 Hz 5.78 s 0.289 s 3 Hz 1. Now look at all your observations so far to predict what the beat frequency will be when you play a 600 Hz tone together with a 603 Hz tone. Briefly explain why you think this. Since the beat frequency is equal to the absolute value of the difference between the second frequency and the first frequency, the group predicted it to be 3 Hz. 2. What will the beat frequency be when a 15 Hz and a 20 Hz sound are played simultaneously? (Since these sounds are subsonic, you will not be able to test this so make sure you see the pattern by now.) The beat frequency will be 5 Hz because that is the absolute value of 20 minus 5.
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Rice 4 Conclusion A takeaway from this lab is that the speed of sound is extremely easy to calculate and that the percentage error was way lower than predicted. Doing this lab also helped me understand beat frequency is the number of beats per second. I discovered this in the second part of the lab.

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