phisics

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Shepherds College *

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Physics A | 1.1 Assignment: Powers of Ten Lab Directions : Use the following website: Secret Worlds: The Universe Within. Scientists look at things in very particular ways using sophisticated equipment, everyday instruments, and unlikely tools. Some things that scientists want to see are so small that they need a magnifying glass, or a microscope. Other things are so far way that they need a powerful telescope in order to see them. It is important to understand and be able to compare the size of things we are studying. Exponential notation is a way scientists write very large or very small numbers. For example, when the Earth is seen at 10 +6 meters wide, this number represents 1,000,000 meters. When a nucleus of a cell is seen at 10 -6 meters wide, this number represents one millionth of a meter, or 0.000001 meters. Notice how each picture in this simulation is an image of something that is 10 times bigger or smaller than the one before or after it. The number on the right is the size of what is seen in the picture. The number on the left is the same number written in powers of ten, or exponential notation . In this simulation, you will first view the Milky Way at 10 million light years from the Earth. Then move through space towards the Earth in single order of magnitudes until you reach an oak tree just outside the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida. Then begin to move from the actual size of a leaf into the microscopic world through leaf cell walls, cell nucleus, DNA and finally, into the subatomic universe of electrons and protons. You will then manually reverse the direction, moving from smallest to largest value, as you log your power of ten journey. Activity : Log your "Power of Ten" journey into the universe by completing this table describing your journey. Hopefully, you will be able to appreciate the powers of ten used in exponential notation and learn a few metric prefixes along the way. Start small and manually move to the larger Exponential values. Have a safe journey! Power of Ten Description Location
10 -15 1 femtometer Face to face with a single proton 10 -14 10 femtometers nucleus of the carbon atom 10 -13 100 femtometers nucleus viewed beneath the electron shells 10 -12 1 picometer empty space between inner shell and nucleus 10 -11 10 picometers electron in the inner electron shell 10 -10 100 picometers outer electron cloud of a carbon atom © Copyright 2020 Michigan Virtual Revised 6/20/2020 Page 1 10 -9 1 nanometer DNA nucleotide building blocks 10 -8 10 nanometers Individual DNA stands
10 -7 100 nanometers chromatin in the leaf cell nucleus 10 -6 1 micrometer the nucleus of a leaf cell 10 -5 10 micrometers individual leaf cell 10 -4 100 micrometers cells on the leaf surface 10 -3 1 millimeter surface of an Oak leaf magnified 100 times 10 -2 10 millimeters surface of an Oak leaf magnified 10 times 10 -1 100 millimeters Oak tree leaves at actual size 10 0 1 meter Oak tree branch with leaves 10 1 10 meters Top of large Oak tree
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10 2 100 meters Nearby trees, the lake, and the laboratory roof 10 3 1 kilometer The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory 10 4 10 kilometers Southwest Tallahassee, Florida 10 5 100 kilometers Leon, Wakulla, and Franklin Counties in Florida 10 6 1000 kilometers Southern United States 10 7 10000 kilometers the western hemisphere of the Earth 10 8 100000 kilometers the Earth from 100000 kilometers 10 9 1 million kilometers The Earth and the orbit of the Moon 10 10 10 million kilometers part of the Earth's orbit
10 11 100 million kilometers parts of orbits of Venus and Earth 10 12 1 billion kilometers orbits of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Jupiter 10 13 10 billion kilometers our solar system 10 14 100 billion kilometers the solar system from 100 billion kilometers away 10 15 1 trillionkilometers the sun is growing larger © Copyright 2020 Michigan Virtual Revised 6/20/2020 Page 2 10 16 1 light year The sun is the brightest star at 1 light year 10 17 10 light years and more stars at 10 light years from Earth 10 18 100 light years 100 light years from Earth and nothing but stars
10 19 1000 light years stars in the Milky Way galaxy 10 20 10000 light years stars at the rim of the Milky Way galaxy 10 21 100000 light years Our galaxy, the milky way 10 22 1 million light years An order of magnitude closer (1 million light years away) 10 23 10 million light years 10 million light years away from the Milky way What is the correct metric prefix for these "powers of ten"? 10 -12 = ____pico_____ 10 -9 = __nano________ 10 -6 = ___micro_______ 10 -3 = ___milli_______ 10 3 = ___kilo_______ 10 6 = ___kilo_______ 10 9 = ___kilo_______ 10 12 = ___kilo_______
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10 15 = ____kilo______ How many times greater is the largest value compared to the smallest value in this Power of Ten Simulation? (Hint: Divide to find the ratio): _____________________ Which of the smaller Power of Ten images presented are your eyes actually able to observe as you stand on the earth's surface (without optical assistance). _____________________ As small as ____10^-1 _ (state a power of ten value). Describe the image you selected: ____Oak tree leaves at actual size_________________. Which of the larger Powers of Ten images marks the greatest distance humans have ventured away from planet Earth? _____________________. As large as _____10^13______________ (state a power of ten value). Describe the location you selected: __________our solar system___________. © Copyright 2020 Michigan Virtual Revised 6/20/2020 Page 3 In terms of light-years, how wide is the Milky Way Galaxy? __100000_______________ light- years

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