Newton's Second Law

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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General Physics I Laboratory (PHY221L) Newton's Second Law & Acceleration Name: Aliyah Zito Date: 10 / 3/2023 ______________________________________________________________________________ Introduction State what you show or demonstrate in this laboratory experiment. Include the background/theory and any useful equations used in the lab. (5 points) In this lab we are demonstrating newtons second law of motion by using a cart with a mass in it as well as a hanging mass. This shows when a net external force acts on a object of mass the acceleration that results is directionally proportional to the net force and has a magnitude that is inversely proportional to the mass. Method 1. What is the precision of your measurement tools? Write them below (2 points) 2. Tape measure 1mm 3. Stop watch 0.01 s ______________________________________________________________________________ Figure 1 2. Measure the total mass of your system, m total , (cart, masses, mass hanger and string). Record in Table 1. 3. Set up the pulley, cart, and block as shown in figure Error: Reference source not found. Add the following masses to the accessory tray of the cart: 500 g, 4 x 20g. 4. Tie one end of the string to the upper tie point on the cart. Drape the string over the pulley. Cart with masses

5. Adjust the length of the string so that the mass hanger (masses) attached to the end of the string will not hit the floor before the cart reaches the end of its run. Tie a loop in this end of the string. Note: The cart's acceleration falls to zero when the falling mass hits the floor. 6. Pull the cart back to a starting point and mark it with a piece of tape. Determine the distance that the cart will move from the starting point to the end of the track. Record this distance d in table 1. 7. Release the cart from starting point without pushing or pulling it. Start the stopwatch at the instant the cart is released. Stop the stopwatch at the instant the cart arrives at the end of the track. Note: To eliminate reaction time errors, it is best that the person who releases the cart also do the timing. 8. Repeat step 7 three times and determine the average time for the cart to move through the distance. Record the average time in table 2. 9. Move a 20 g mass from the tray of the cart to the mass hanger (or hanging loop). Note: The total mass of the system will remain constant throughout the experiment. 10. Repeat steps 7-9 for all of the masses given in the data table 2. 11. Fill in the experimental acceleration column using your data and the equation (3) given in the introduction file. Results (50 points) Place your data in this section Table 1 m total ( kg ) 0.658kg d (m) 0.55m Table 2 m h ( g ) Weight of the mass hanger (Driving force) Average Time t avg (s) Experimental Acceleration 2

F ( N ) a exp (m/s 2 ) 20 0.196 4.3 0.059 40 0.392 1.71 0.376 60 0.588 1.12 0.877 80 0.784 0.77 1.855 100 0.98 0.73 2.064 Data Analysis (33 points) This part is for data analysis. You can insert graphs and a sample of your calculation. 1. Use the results from table 2 to plot a graph of drive force (F) on the x-axis and acceleration (a) on the y-axis using Excel. Be sure to label both axes with the correct scale and units and include the graph title. Apply linear fit and include its equation and R-square value in the plot. (15 points) Insert the plot below. 3

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2. Calculate the total mass from the slope. (3 points) Y=2.8005x-0.6005 Mtotal=1/2.8005=0.357 3. Compare between the total mass from table 1 and from the plot. Calculate the percent difference for the two values. (5 points) Difference of the two: 0.658-0.357=0.30 Ediff=( )x100%/avg. (0.658+0.357)/2=0.5075 = Average of the two Percent difference : (0.301/0.5075)x100%=59.3% 4. Another group of students repeats your experiment using a cart with more mass. How would that change their graph compared to yours? Draw a possible line for their data on your graph, use a different color. (10 points) 4

Conclusion (10 points) State the main conclusion(s) in the first paragraph along with a discussion of your results. The results within the experiment showed that the more mass that was added to the mass hanger the faster the cart accelerated. Our data formed somewhat a linear line when graphed. Indep (mass)driving force x Dep (acceleration) y 5

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