Physics 1300_ Lab Report 5 Echolocation and Acoustic Resonance

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University of Guelph *

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1300

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Physics 1300: Lab Report 5 Echolocation and Acoustic Resonance Part A: Echolocation Figure #1: Echolocation Peak Figure #2: Full Echolocation Graph Calculations: Speed of sound (v) = 332 m/s + 21.5 x 0.59 m/s/°C = 344.7 m/s Change in position (de) = (0.00339583 s) * (344.7 m/s) = 1.17 m Time interval (dt) = 0.9 s Percent Difference = (1.17 m - 0.9 m) / 0.9 m * 100% = 30.1% Question #1: Why do you think the best results are obtained when your phone is 0.5 - 1.0 m from the reflecting surface?

I believe that the best results are achieved when the phone is closer to the object. A distance greater than 1m can lead to interference and reduce the accuracy of the results. Additionally, the phone can only produce sound at a certain volume, considerably lower than what animals use. Therefore, due to the lower frequency of the sound waves, a shorter distance is preferred for this lab. However, it is not ideal to be less than 0.5m away from the wall, as this can cause interference between the emitted and returning sound waves, leading to inaccurate results shown in the graph Question #2: How precisely could you measure changes in the position of an object using the phyphox echolocation app? Explain how you arrived at your answer. It is possible to accurately measure changes in the object's position as long as the phone's distance from the object and the environment remain constant. To ensure the most accurate results, these variables must be controlled to prevent interference. By keeping the phone in the same location, you can move the object closer or further within the range of 0.5m to 1m and compare the echolocation peaks after several trials. I reached this conclusion through my own trial and error using the phyphox app. I observed how the echolocation peaks changed as I moved my phone closer or further away from the wall. I found that at a closer range, there was a more noticeable peak in the graph compared to a farther range where the peak was less prominent Part B: Resonance Question #3: What is the expected value for the slope? Does your measured value agree with this? If not, identify why this may be the case. The expected value for my slope is -3.714 according to my graph. I found my measured slope, by finding the change in wavelength divided by the change in length, which was calculated to equal -4.204. I believe that my calculation should have been closer to the expected value, in this case, it was higher. This could be because when I was evaluating the point on the graph, they were less consistent as time increased, therefore causing some outliers in the data collected. As you can see in the graph above there is a gap between the last and second last point and if I took more of those points into consideration, I might have had a value closer to the expected value.

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