Physics Lab 1 One-Dimensional Motion

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab 1 One-Dimensional Motion Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to determine one-dimensional motion concepts including displacement, constant velocity, instantaneous acceleration, rate of change and time intervals. Apparatus: 30cm long piece of paper, nakamura timer, metric ruler, tape, PASCO ramp, PASCO smart cart, pencil, scotch tape. Procedure: Part 1-Constant Velocity: ● Tear off 30cm long tape and thread into the timer in the direction shown on the timer by the arrow. Make sure the timer is set to 10Hz so it makes 10 sparks per second and pull the tape through. ● Turn on the motorized cart and use the ruler to measure the distance it travels in six seconds. Tape a longer new piece of tape to the end of the back of the cart and put it through the timer. Turn on the cart and timer and let it go. ● Create a table in excel with the interval number, time, interval distance, total distance and instantaneous speed. ● Calculate the average speed by dividing the total distance by the total time. ● Make a scatter plot of the position vs time by choosing chart under the insert tab and choosing the X-Y scatter plot. Label position as the y-axis and time on the x-axis and add a trendline.
Part 2-Constant Acceleration: ● Turn on the smart cart and open the Capstone application on the computer. Open the hardware setup menu and connect your smart cart by matching the ID number to the one on your cart. ● Drag any type of display menu from the far right onto the screen. ● Click the toolbar at the top to add columns for position, velocity, acceleration and time. ● Choose “position” to be displayed on the x-axis and then add a new plot area. You’ll have three graphs, one for position, one for velocity and another for acceleration. ● Press record and release the cart from the top of the ramp and click stop once it gets to the bottom of the ramp. ● Scale the x-axis to show where the speed increased smoothly. ● Select the velocity vs time plot and click on the highlighter tool at the top to resize the highlighter box so it shows where the speed increases smoothly. Select the fit tool and select linear fit. Data:
Precautions: ● Input the data into the computer correctly to avoid any errors. ● Make sure you are connected to the correct smart cart by matching the ID number to the one shown. Questions:
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Question 1. How can one find the pulling speed using the dots? Briefly describe using the definition of speed. Speed is distance traveled divided by time taken therefore the interval between each dot represents the speed. The closer the dots, the slower the pulling speed of the tape will be and vice versa. Question 2. Compare your two records of motion, the one done manually vs. that done by the cart. How can you determine whether the cart was moving at a constant speed? Support your answer in one or two sentences with your observations. The cart was moving at a constant speed because all the dots on that tape were evenly spaced apart compared to the one done manually. Question 3. Did the cart travel the same distance from one interval to the next? Use your data to support your statement. Yes because the interval distance between all intervals to the next are the same. They were 0.100 Question 4. Did the cart’s instantaneous speed change from one interval to the next? Support your answer using your data. No, they remained the same. They were all 0.100m/s. Question 5. If an object moves at a constant speed, then its instantaneous speed at any given moment is the same as its average speed . Thinking about the speed of the cart during the entire 6-second trip, was the average speed equal to any interval’s instantaneous speed? Explain your reasoning.
No it was not the same because I think we made an error. The instantaneous speed should be equal to the average speed and ours was not. Question 6. Is the slope value (the number m in y = mx+b) from the equation within about 10% of the value of average speed calculated in Step d? Would you expect these two values to be similar? Why or why not? Yes because it is showing how much it is increasing by. Question 7. How can the trend of the data on the chart allow you to conclude whether you observed motion with constant speed? The trend shows that the instantaneous speed were the same which proves that the observed motion was close to constant. Question 8. Compare the trends in the data in your three plots. In which of the plots, position, velocity, or acceleration, does the value increase linearly with time? In which, if any, is the trend nonlinear? Did any of the plots show a constant value over time? The velocity plot shows the value increase linearly with time. The acceleration plot is nonlinear. Acceleration shows a constant value over time. Question 9. How does one obtain the acceleration value from the linear fit of a graph of velocity vs time? It can be obtained by taking the slope value vs the time graph. Question 10. The fit line is a way of incorporating all data into a single best estimate of the acceleration. Let’s compare this to the instantaneous acceleration calculated at each moment.
Look in the acceleration column your Capstone data table, these are the instantaneous acceleration values. How are the instantaneous acceleration values similar or different to the single acceleration value obtained from the best-fit line? The values were different compared to the best fit line because the values in the best fit line were closer than the instantaneous acceleration values. Errors: ● Not seeing any dots on the paper because it is flipped on the wrong side of the paper. ● Connecting to the wrong smart cart instead of yours hence providing incorrect data. Conclusion: For part 1, we were able to determine the speed by dividing the total distance by the time taken and we measured the interval distance to determine if it was constant. We also measured the instantaneous speed by adding the total distances and dividing it by the time. We came to a conclusion that the speed was constant since all the dots had an interval distance of 0.100m after measuring them. For part 2, we noticed after obtaining the capstone data, the velocity was linear because it moved in a linear form and the acceleration was constant because it remained the same.
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