Sound Lab

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Rutgers University *

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439

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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4

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Helena Pecci, Colin Lombardi, Angel Le, Haadiyah Hanif, Elizabeth Gondek PART I: Intro to Sound Sound: a type of energy that can be heard Equations
S = λ f Vs= speed of sound through air is approximately 343 m/s Equations S = λ f Vs= speed of sound through air is approximately 343 m/s Procedure Open the simulator. Listen to a Single Source: 1. Observe the sound waves coming from the speaker. 2. a) What do the dark and light bands represent? (Remember, sound waves are longitudinal ) Dark bands represent the waves that are closer to the source b) Why do the waves get lighter with distance from the speaker? The energy is spread out within a larger area, therefore making the gradient lighter 3. c) How does changing the frequency and amplitude affect the depiction of the sound waves in the sim? When the frequency is increased the waves come closer together however when the amplitude is increased the waves go further apart. 4. d) How do you think changing the frequency and amplitude affect the sound heard by the listener? If frequency and amplitude is reduced, then the sound of the wave becomes low to the listener due to Loudness = L = 10 log (I/I0). Similarly, if amplitude and frequency are increased, then the sound heard by the listener increases. Measure: 2. Press “start” and move the ruler to the center of the speaker. 3. a) Look at the stopwatch. What do you notice that is strange about it? Why is it programmed this way?
It is being measured in ms. This is programmed this way because of how fast the sound waves are moving. 4. b) Describe how you would find the frequency of a wave if the frequency slider did not have a number display. Test your idea with a variety of waves (record them in a data table) and describe how well your procedure gives results that match the frequency display. You can alter the equation S = λ f to solve for frequency. S /λ = f. Wave speed WaveLength Frequency 343m/s 0.812m 343/0.812 = 422 hz 343m/s 0.59m 343/0.59 = 581 hz 5. c) Describe how you would find the period of a wave without using the frequency information. Test your idea with a variety of waves and record your experiment in a data table. Check your method by calculating the period using the frequency (T = 1/f). Show calculations. You can find the period of a wave without using the frequency information by measuring the time it takes to complete one wavelength (distance between the crests of the waves). E.g. for a wavelength of 86.9 cm, it takes 2.53 m/s to complete one wavelength. Using T=1/f, you get approximately 2.9 m/s. 6. d) Hit stop and reset, and measure the distance a wave travels in a certain amount of time. Make a data table and do at least 3 trials. Find the speed of sound using v = d/t. Distance: Time: Velocity: 2.7 meters 0.0085 317.647 2.5 meters 0.0079 316.456 4.6 meters 0.0145 317.241
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7. e) Use the ruler to measure the wavelength of this sound wave. Check the speed calculated above using v = fλ. Wavelength: 4.3 meters Frequency: 328.24 Velocity: 1411.5

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