G8-Lab 6

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College of San Mateo *

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210

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab Group 8 Physics 210: Newton’s First Law In this lab you will be using the lab kit study guide that came with your kit. See the picture below: This lab will consist of three experiments . To start this lab state Newton’s First Law in the space below: Newton’s First Law of Motion, which is referred to as inertia, states that a body in motion tends to stay in motion, while a body at rest remains at rest, unless acted on by a net external force. If there is no net force acting on an object, then the object will maintain a constant velocity. However, if there is a force (a push or pull) acting on an object, the object will move in a straight line at constant speed.
Experiment 1 (Objects remain at rest): The first experiment you will do can be found on page 5 of the study guide. Use the tools in your kit to set up the experiment as stated in part 1 of the experiment. Group Spokesperson Only: Obtain a photo of each group member’s experimental setup and copy/paste the pictures, together with your own, below. Image 1: Carol Image 2: Airu Image 3: Jessica Image 4: Alyssa
Process of Science Start off the experiment by making a prediction. This prediction is your Hypothesis about the outcome of the experiment. Hypothesis: What do you predict will happen if the ramp is pulled out from under the cart? Answer below. If the ramp is pulled out from under the cart, the cart will not move. Experiment: ● Do Experiment 1 Result: What happens to the cart when the ramp is removed? Group Member Name Result (Circle one) Carol Cart moves with ramp Cart stays on table Other Airu Cart moves with ramp Cart stays on table Other Jessica Cart moves with ramp Cart stays on table Other Alyssa Cart moves with ramp Cart stays on table Other Group Spokesperson Only: Select the result that was observed the most as your overall “Group Result”. For example, if three out of the five of you selected “ Cart stays on table ,” then “ Cart stays on table ” is your “Group Result”. If an equal number of group members observed each possible result, then your overall “Group Result” is “ Inconclusive ”.
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Analyze: Is your overall “Group Result” consistent with Newton’s First Law? Answer below. The group result is consistent with Newton’s First Law. The law states that objects at rest tend to stay at rest, unless acted on by a net external force. The object at rest is the cart, and the external force is the ramp being pulled out from under the cart. The concept of inertia explains that objects resist change, therefore, the external force must be greater in order to change motion. Inertia keeps the cart in place, since the external force of quickly pulling the ramp was not enough to prompt motion. Experiment 2 Force to move objects from rest) The second experiment you will do is found on page 6 of the Lab Kit Study Guide . Your first step is to go to page 6 and set up Experiment 2 for Newton’s First Law of Motion. Group Spokesperson Only: Obtain a photo of each group member’s experimental setup and copy/paste the pictures, together with your own, below. Image 1: Carol (200 g) Image 2: Airu (200g) Image 3: Jessica (200 g) Image 4: Alyssa (200g)
Process of Science Hypothesis : In this experiment you will measure the Force it takes to start the cart . You will also measure the force it takes to keep it moving. For your hypothesis circle one of the choices in the statement below. The force to start the cart will be (the same/ less than / more than ) the force to keep the cart in motion. Experiment: ● Do Experiment 2 Results: Download and open the spreadsheet file PH210_NewtonI_FA20.xls. Record your values of the force for starting the cart and keeping the cart in motion into the appropriate cells in the spreadsheet. Group Spokesperson Only: Enter each of your teammates overall results on the “ Start vs Keep - Group Results ” tab of the PHYS210_NewtonI.xls spreadsheet file. The spreadsheet should automatically calculate the Group Averages for you. Copy your Group Averages into the table below. Force to start the Cart (N) Group average Force to keep cart moving (N) Group average 0.5525 0.3675 Analyze: Is your overall “Group Result” consistent with Newton’s First Law? Answer below. The group result is consistent with Newton’s First Law. The cart is initially at rest and will stay at rest, unless acted on by a net external force. Since the 200 g mass is being carried on the cart, it has more mass and inertia, which means it is more resistant to change. To make the cart move, you must initially apply a force greater than the weight of the cart in order to accelerate it from rest, since more force is required to overcome the inertia of a body at rest. Then the force can reduce to match the cart’s weight and will continue to move.
Experiment 3 (Objects in motion remain in motion) The third experiment you will do is on page 7 of the Lab Kit Study Guide . In this experiment you will test the following statement: “Do objects in motion really continue in motion unless acted upon by an external force?” Start by setting up the experiment. Group Spokesperson Only: Obtain a photo of each group member’s experimental setup and copy/paste the pictures, together with your own, below. Image 1&2: Carol (100g and 200g) Image 3&4: Airu (100g and 200g)
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Image 5&6: Jessica (100g and 200g) Image 7&8: Alyssa (100g and 200g)
Process of Science Hypothesis: Write down your prediction about what will happen to the item that is riding on the cart when the cart collides with the edge of the ramp. When the cart collides with the edge of the ramp, the mass riding on the cart will fall off the cart. Experiment: Do Experiment 3. Note: in Step 2 of this experiment you are instructed to “Tape a piece of cardboard over the hole in the Hall's cart.” If you don’t have cardboard and tape handy, you can just place the mass at the corner near the front of the cart as shown below. Result: What happens to the 100 g mass when the cart collides with the edge of the ramp? Group Member Name Result (Circle one) Carol It stays on the cart It falls off the cart Other Airu It stays on the cart It falls off the cart Other Jessica It stays on the cart It falls off the cart Other Alyssa It stays on the cart It falls off the cart Other Analyze: Is your overall “Group Result” for the 100 g mass consistent with Newton’s First Law? Answer below. The group result is consistent with Newton’s first law. The cart was initially at rest, until an applied force of pushing the cart made it move forward. The cart continued to move, until it collided with the edge of the ramp, which caused the cart to stop. However, the 100 g mass on the cart continued to move forward, falling off the cart, due to inertia. Newton’s law states that objects want to remain in motion. Since the force of the ramp is not acting on the mass, the mass will continue to move in a straight line.
● Repeat Experiment 3 using the 200 g mass Result: What happens to the 200 g mass when the cart collides with the edge of the ramp? Group Member Name Result (Circle one) Carol It stays on the cart It falls off the cart Other Airu It stays on the cart It falls off the cart Other Jessica It stays on the cart It falls off the cart Other Alyssa It stays on the cart It falls off the cart Other Analyze: Is your overall “Group Result” for the 200 g mass consistent with Newton’s First Law? Answer below. The group result for the 200 g mass is consistent with Newton’s First Law. When the cart is pushed toward the ramp, the cart moves in a straight line, until it collides with the edge of the ramp. Although the cart stops, the inertia of the 200 g mass causes the mass to continue moving forward and fall off the cart. What, if anything, was different about the “Group Results” between the 100 g mass and the 200 g mass? Answer below. There was no difference in the group results between the 100 g and 200 g mass. However, we would expect that the 200 g mass would have a higher tendency to keep moving than the 100 g mass, since the 200 g mass has greater inertia, which is more resistant to change in direction or speed.
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