Lab 2- Physics 1

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Jan 9, 2024

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Physics Laboratory Report Motion in Two-Dimensions Jordan Jones Group Members: Xavier Williams, Jacob Miller Date submitted 2/14/2022 Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to be able to determine the speed and acceleration due to gravity from tossing a tennis ball video. We will be able to recognize that objects do not always move in straight lines or in the same direction. We will be able to determine the gravity from the projectile motion data and the graphs that we generate from this data. In addition, we are going to be able to become familiar with the effects of constant acceleration on velocity and position. Apparatus: Computer with PASCO Capstone software, tennis ball, smartphone, or video camera, meterstick. Procedure: Part 1: Guiding Questions and Setup Suggestions • Set up your arcing motion of the ball •Place a meterstick in the frame is to have a reference for distance •Transfer the video that we took to the computer. Part 2: Video Analysis •Open the PASCO Capstone software. Click the Video Analysis then drag or drop video analysis to the workspace then open your video file. •Click the “Enter video analysis mode” button at the top of the video. Part 3: Further Analysis

•Make graphs for both motion, velocity, and acceleration. Use the graph that we make and the coordinate tool Precautions and Sources of Error • One error that could have occurred from this experiment was computer experimental data error. Our graphs came out with results that showed that there was a skewing towards the end of what we expected from our results. •Additionally, not making sure that the graphs had the correct labels and units could mess up the data collected. •Another source of error could be recording the video in a very dim light. Causing the capstone to not register everything that is going into the video. Data Calculations and Fitting

Questions 1. What is the time value when the ball in your video is at its maximum height? The time value for when our ball in our video is at its maximum height would be 1.700 seconds. 2. Is the time value when the ball in your video has zero y-velocity the same as the time value for when it is at maximum height? Would you expect them to be the same? Explain The time value when the ball has zero y-velocity is the same as the time value for when it is at maximum height. When the ball reaches its peak, it falls due to the gravitational pull. At that point the ball would be at zero y velocity.

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3. Which general kinematic equation is most like the fit equation for the x position vs time? Which kinematic equation is most like the fit equation for the y position vs time? The general equation that is most like the fit equation for the x position vs time would be D=Vavgt=(Vo+Vf/2)t While the kinematic equation that is most like the fit equation for the y position vs time would be D=Vot +1/2At^2 4. For the y-velocity vs time graph, how do you find the y-accelaration from the fit? What is the acceleration expected to be for such an object in free fall? We are able to find the acceleration by dividing the change in (m/s)/t (change in velocity/time taken for the change). Our expected acceleration would be –17.5 die to the gravity of the ball. 5. What is the x acceleration according to your graph and fit of the x-velocity data? What would we expect it to be in this scenario? According to our graph x acceleration is 1.13 (plus/minus) 0.024. We would expect this value to be there being no force involved in this direction. Only additional air drag. 6. One source of error in this experiment is that we have ignored the effect of drag. Knowing drag is a force that is dependent on the speed of the ball, can we safely assume the drag effects the motion in a uniform fashion for all time points in the trip? There is not a certainty to assume that the drag affects the motion in a general consistent uniform fashion for all the time points in the trip. Speed is not constant at all points when the ball is in the air and is on its way down. Results and Discussions Actual vs Expected Results What we expected to happen within this experiment generally happened. Our values for the most part showed what we expected. However, there were some points on our graph that we just do not know

where our data messed up at and we are unable to pinpoint exactly what happened, however we did have expected results. Fitting Results The graphs that we accumulated from Capstone almost matched everything that we expected from the data we collected. We hypothesized that there was data error that caused our graphs to skew. Reproducibility The phases that can be experimented all over again and replicated with the same procedure would be able to produce similar results. However, the Capstone graphs might look different than what we predicted. We have a very consistent outline for what we followed within the rules of this experiment to make sure it is repeatable. Effects from Sources of Error/Precautions One effect from our source of error is that our graphs came out skewed from the data. Causing the graph to be what we expected. However, we did not get the expected graph result from the data. We were able to conclude that this was either a human error or an error from the software that caused it to be so skewed.

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