PHY113_Worksheet_Newtons Laws

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Arizona State University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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P H Y 1 1 3 N E W T O N ’ S L A W S W O R K S H E E T Objective: What physics concepts/theory/laws will be investigated in this lab? What physical quantities will be measured. Answer in two to three sentences. Name: Partners: TA: Lab Title:

Part1: Constant Velocity Motion Draw a free body diagram of the cart during constant velocity motion. Consider friction to be negligible. Does a force need to be applied for the cart to maintain constant velocity motion? What if there was friction, does this change your answer? Prediction: When a cart moves at a constant velocity, what is the shape of the velocity vs. time graph and what is the acceleration you expect to be produced? Make a sketch on the graph below.

Part 2: Constant Acceleration Motion Draw a free body diagram of the cart during constant acceleration motion. Consider friction to be negligible. Does a force need to be applied for the cart to maintain constant acceleration motion? What if there was friction, does this change your answer? Prediction: When a cart moves at constant acceleration , what is the shape of the velocity vs time and how would you find the acceleration from the velocity vs time graph, v(t)? Make a sketch on the graph below.

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Experimental Data Remember to include units for every quantity Experiment 1: Constant Velocity Motion Table 1: Velocity vs Time Graph v(t) Fit Parameters What physical quantity does it represent? Y-intercept of v(t) Slope of v(t) Experiment 2: Constant Acceleration Motion Constants: (These quantities do not change throughout the experiment) Remember ( m ) = M hanger + M weights is the mass which hangs over the pulley which is variable. But the total system mass remains constant. Cart Mass ( M ) Mass of the Hanger ( M hanger ) Mass of the all the Weights ( M weights ) System Mass M sys = M cart + M weights + M hanger Table 2: Variable Quantities Mass on the cart Hanging Mass Acceleration

Experiment 3: What is the acceleration? Table 3: System Mass Applied Force (hanging) Calculated Acceleration Experimental Acceleration Data Analysis and Results Experiment 1: Newton’s First Law Use your free body diagram from the prediction section to write an algebraic expression for the net force on the cart during constant velocity motion. Use this expression and relate it to Newton’s First Law. This should be a very short answer. Experiment 2: Newton’s Second Law 1. Calculate M exp using the slope of the a ( F ) graph (acceleration vs applied force) using Eq 3. 2. Use the uncertainty in the slope of a ( F ) given by Capstone to find the uncertainty in your experimental value for the total system mass Δ M exp . Use Eq 4 3.

Experiment 3: What is the acceleration? 1. Show your calculation of the predicted acceleration. Find the percent discrepancy between the calculated and experimental accelerations. Results Tables: Remember to include units for every quantity Newton’s First Law Velocity of the Cart Experiment 1 Newton’s Second Law Experimental mass ± uncertainty Measured mass ± uncertainty % discrepancy Experiment 2 What is the Acceleration Expected Acceleration Measured Acceleration % discrepancy Experiment 3

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Discussion and Conclusion: Discussion must include:  An intro outlining the objectives of the experiment (2 sentences maximum)  Explain theoretical concepts tested in this experiment. Describe the procedure of the experiment. (5 sentences maximum)  State the results (provide numerical values with their units) and show how it aligns with theoretical concept. (5 sentences maximum)  Discuss all possible sources of errors. (5 sentences maximum)  Conclude whether or not the results of your experiment verify the law you studied. (3 sentences maximum)

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