Phys 101 Lab 8 Report

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Apr 3, 2024

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PHYS 101 Lab 8 Activity Noah Pogonitz Daniel Afshari James Biernacki Eric Moon 11/07/2023 Experimental Design and Measurements Our experimental design includes a wooden block, clamp, string, protractor, and the IOLab itself. The goal of our design is to ensure the accuracy of data collected as much as possible. Specifically, we clamped the wooden block to the table with the goal of eliminating any potential movement with the wooden block. This is important because any movement with the wooden block may cause our data to be inconsistent which would make the analysis part of the experiment more challenging. In addition, we will be utilizing a protractor so that we can accurately measure the angle at which we allow the pendulum to swing. This will allow us to be able to make conclusions about how the amplitude of the pendulum affects the period, if at all. 1. Introduction: Introduce your experiment by briefly describing the question your group is answering or the phenomenon that you are exploring. If relevant, provide any physics background information needed to understand the experiment. During this experiment we will be testing the hypothesis that a pendulum will have the same period regardless of the amplitude of the swing. To test this hypothesis, we will be designing our own pendulum and will analyze the data produced by the IOLab device and see if the results reject or fail to reject our hypothesis. Also, we will compare between the hypothetical period(T) calculated from equation T= 2pi sqrt(L/g) and the measured period (T) from IOLab. 2. Methods: Describe the procedure of your experiment. It may be helpful to include diagrams or photographs. We first started by attaching a wooden block and using a clamp to clamp it down on the side of the table. We attached a string to the end of the wooden block and on the force sensor of the IOLab (as shown below).We took a protractor and placed it on the top of our pendulum and used that to find the angle at which we are releasing the IOLab. We also found the length of the string by using a meter stock and measuring distance from the tip of the string on the IOlab and the tip on the block. We recorded 3 trials where we released the pendulum at a 30 degree angle and we

used the force sensor to find the period. We found the time it took for 10 peaks and divided that number by 5 to find the average period time. We then recorded 3 trials where we released the pendulum at a 60 degree angle. We did the same steps as the 30 degree angle to find the average period time. 3. Results: Record the data from your experiment. This may include IOLab graphs or tables with numerical measurements. Make sure to include units on your measurements, as appropriate. You should present your data clearly before trying to describe or interpret it. Angle: 10 Time (10 peaks) Measured Period (T) Trial 1 6.510s 1.302s Trial 2 6.507s 1.301s Trial 3 6.510s 1.302s Mean Period (T) = 1.302s ± 0.0007 Angle: 60 Time (10 peaks) Measured Period (T) Trial 1 6.625s 1.325s Trial 2 6.639s 1.328s Trial 3 6.635s 1.327s Mean Period (T)= 1.327s ± 0.0007

Uncertainty = [ Max(T) - Min(T) ] / 3 Measured Period (T)= Time (10 peaks) / 5 Length of string: 0.43m Hypothetical Period (T) = 2pi sqrt(0.43/9.8)= 1.32s Measured Period (T) at 30˚ = 1.315s ± 0.0007 Measured Period (T) at 60˚ = 1.327s ± 0.0007 Trial 1 10 Degrees: Trial 1 60 degrees: Trial 2 60 degrees:

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Trial 3 60 degrees:

4. Analysis: Use words to describe the results of your measurement. What observations do you make about them? If relevant, do you see any patterns? Do not try to explain your data yet. Upon analysis of our data, we can see that the period of our pendulum is independent of the amplitude in which it is released. After carrying out three separate trials at 10 degrees and 60 degrees each, the data shows that the period of the pendulum is nearly identical in either situation. It is apparent that the approximate period of the pendulum is 1.3 seconds. Specifically, for the pendulum released at 10 degrees the period was 1.302s ± 0.0007, while when it was released at 60 degrees the period was 1.327s ± 0.0007. As we can see, the data is similar no matter if the pendulum is released at a 10 or 60 degree angle. 5. Discussion: Try to explain your result. Is it interesting or surprising? Why? Does it suggest any trends or physical properties? The result is surprising, since the angle of drop relative to table did not impact the experimental result. And this physical principle is implied in the T= 2pi sqrt(L/g) as this equation tells that the period is independent of potential energy (= kinetic energy) and velocity. Also, it is interesting that the theoretical period calculated with the equation is similar to the experimental period measured. With only <1% difference between the theoretical and experimental values it was interesting to observe the application of physics equations to real-life pendulums, despite air resistance and other factors that can influence the inaccuracy of measurement. 6. Conclusions: Briefly summarize your experiment and your findings. If you think there is more to explore about your measurement in further experiments, talk about it here. Our conclusion experiment tested if the period of a simple pendulum is dependent on the angle of the pendulum, and we came to the conclusion that the period is independent of the angle. In the future, we can measure whether any outside forces such as air resistance impact the movement of the pendulum due to the external force. Furthermore, we can also experiment with even larger angles, as the stability of the string in the set-up prevented us from measuring angles of 70 degrees or larger. Roles: James: Methods & Results Noah: Introduction & Analysis Daniel: Conclusions & Discussion Eric: Discussion & Results

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