Module 7 linear momentum Kaur

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School

Northern Virginia Community College *

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201

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Physics

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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Uploaded by ChefLapwing7325

NOL PHY 201 Lab - Conservation of Linear Momentum Name ____Jasleen Kaur _________ This Lab uses the Collision Lab simulation provided by PhET at the University of Colorado Boulder. It is divided into three activities. Before starting, please scroll through the worksheet to check the page numbers and get all the information. Complete all activities before submitting the lab. Each lab counts for 20 points and is about 1.42% of the total grade. Lab Goals This lab will help you learn the following:  How to apply conservation of momentum  How to build different trials using a physics simulation. Preliminary Settings  Launch the simulation and select the tab Explore 1D .  From the menu on the right, select: Values and Velocity.  In the screen below, click on More Data.  Uncheck Reflecting borders. Page 1 of 9

NOL PHY 201 Activity 1: Elastic Collisions in one dimension On the menu to the right, slide the indicator all the way to the right for a perfectly elastic collision. ● Using the simulation, perform 3 different collisions. Send ball 1 in direct collision against ball 2. The trials must include one case with one ball initially at rest, another trial with one fast ball chasing the slow other, another trial with one mass double of the other and equal speeds. ● For each of the three trials change the values of the speeds and of the masses. ● Fill out all the tables. ● Add a screenshot of your work on the simulation for each table you are completing. In total 3 screenshots, please place them at the end of each table. ● For each table of data compute the total initial momentum, i.e. the sum of the initial momentum of ball 1 plus the initial momentum of ball 2. ● For each table of data compute the total final momentum, i.e. the sum of the final momentum of ball 1 plus the final momentum of ball 2. ● Is momentum conserved on each of your trials? Trial 1 Ball Mass (kg) Before the Collision After the Collision V (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) v (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) 1 0.50 1.20 0.6 0 0 2 0.50 0 0 1.2 0.6 Total Momentum initial (Sum of momentum for ball 1 plus momentum for ball 2, initial) = 0.6+0= 0.6kg.m/s Total Momentum final (Sum of momentum for ball 1 plus momentum for ball 2, final) = 0+0.6=0.6kg.m/s In this trial, is the momentum conserved? How do you know? Conserved as both the values of initial and final momentum are equal to each other. Add here a screenshot of the simulation with the collision for the table above. Page 2 of 9

NOL PHY 201 Trial 2 Ball Mass (kg) Before the Collision After the Collision v (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) v (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) 1 1.50 0.90 1.35 0.45 0.68 2 0.50 0 0 1.35 0.68 Total Momentum initial= 1.35+0=1.35kg.m/s Total Momentum final= 0.68+0.68=1.35kg.m/s In this trial, is the momentum conserved? How do you know? Conserved because initial and final momentum are both same values. Add here a screenshot of the simulation with the collision for the table above. Page 3 of 9

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NOL PHY 201 Trial 3 Ball Mass (kg) Before the Collision After the Collision V (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) v (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) 1 0.50 1.40 0.7 -0.7 -0.35 2 1.50 0 0 0.7 1.05 Total Momentum initial = 0.7+0=0.7kg.m/s Total Momentum final = 1.05+(-0.35)=0.7kg.m/s In this trial, is the momentum conserved? How do you know? Conserved as both initial and final values are the same. Add here a screenshot of the simulation with the collision for the table above. Page 4 of 9

NOL PHY 201 Activity 2: Inelastic Collisions in one dimension On the menu to the right, slide the indicator all the way to the left to ensure perfectly inelastic collision. ● Using the simulation, perform 2 different inelastic collisions. ● For each of the two trials change the values of the speeds and of the masses. ● Fill out all the tables. ● Add a screenshot of your work on the simulation for each table you are completing. In total 2 screenshots, please place them at the end of each table. ● For each table of data compute the total initial momentum, i.e. the sum of the initial momentum of ball 1 plus the initial momentum of ball 2. Page 5 of 9

NOL PHY 201 ● For each table of data compute the total final momentum, i.e. the sum of the final momentum of ball 1 plus the final momentum of ball 2. ● For each table of data compute the total initial kinetic energy, i.e. the sum of the initial kinetic energy of ball 1 plus the initial kinetic energy of ball 2. ● For each table of data compute the total final kinetic energy, i.e. the sum of the final kinetic energy of ball 1 plus the final kinetic energy of ball 2. ● Is momentum conserved on each of your trials? ● Is kinetic energy conserved on each of your trials? Trial 1 Ball Mass (kg) Before the Collision After the Collision V (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) v (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) 1 0.50 1.20 0.60 0.60 0.30 2 0.50 0 0 0.60 0.30 Total Momentum initial = 0.60 +0=0.60kg.m/s Total Momentum final = 0.30+0.30=0.60kg.m/s Total Kinetic energy initial= ½(0.50)(1.20)^2+1/2(0.50)(0)^2=0.36J Total Kinetic energy initial=1/2(0.50)(0.60)^2+1/2(0.50)(0.60)^2=0.18J In this trial, is the momentum conserved? How do you know? Conserved as the values of initial momentum and final momentum are both the same. In this trial, is the kinetic energy conserved? How do you know? Not conserved because the values of initial and final kinetic energy are different from each other. Add here a screenshot of the simulation with the collision for the table above. Trail 1 screenshot: 1 st inelastic Collison Page 6 of 9

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NOL PHY 201 Trial 2 Ball Mass (kg) Before the Collision After the Collision V (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) v (m/s) Momentum (kg.m/s) 1 1.50 1.20 1.80 0.85 1.275 2 0.50 -0.20 -0.10 0.85 0.425 Total Momentum initial = 1.8+(-0.1)=1.7kg.m/s Total Momentum final = 1.275+0.425=1.7kg.m/s Total Kinetic energy initial= ½(1.50)(1.20)^2+1/2(0.50)(-0.20)^2=1.09J Total Kinetic energy final=1/2(1.50)(0.85)^2+1/2(0.50)(0.85)^2=0.7225J Page 7 of 9

NOL PHY 201 In this trial, is the momentum conserved? How do you know? Yes, as the initial and final momentum values are equal to each other. In this trial, is the kinetic energy conserved? How do you know? No, because the final and initial kinetic energy values are different from each other. Add here a screenshot of the simulation with the collision for the table above. Activity 3: Critical thinking in action  Suppose that two objects were initially hooked together at rest. A small explosion occurs, and the objects move in opposite directions. Is momentum conserved? Is mechanical energy conserved? Explain. The law of conservation of momentum asserts that a system's entire momentum stays constant in absence of outside forces. This implies that the general momentum of the entire system prior to the explosion must match the entire momentum following the Page 8 of 9

NOL PHY 201 explosion if both items are initially at rest and later move in opposite directions as a result of an internal force (such as an explosion). That can be expressed as: m1*v1+m2*v2=M1*V1+M2*V2 The law of conservation of mechanical energy can be used if the system is not affected by any outside forces, such as resistance from the atmosphere or friction. When there is no external work, the mechanical energy—which is the total of the kinematic and prospective energies—remains constant.  Suppose that you wanted to close a door by throwing a ball at the door. One ball will bounce off the door in a perfectly elastic collision while the other ball is made of clay and will stick to the door. Each ball has the same mass and hits the door with the same velocity. Which method will close the door quicker? Explain. The ball that bounces off the door will close it quicker because it results in an elastic collision where no energy is lost and entire energy is transferred. The clay ball sticks to the door, i.e. completely inelastic collision, so the system loses a lot of energy. Page 9 of 9

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