PHY 150 M7 Momentum Lab Report_KAbbott

Momentum Keon Abbott 12/8/23

Activity 1: Elastic Collision with Equal Masses Data Table 1 Table 1A. Cart A before collision. Cart A mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v A 0.081 kg 0.5 m Trial 1: .49 0.51 0.9804 Trial 2: .53 Trial 3: .52 Table 1B. Cart A after collision. Cart A mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v A ’ 0.081 kg 0 m Trial 1: 0 0 0 Trial 2: 0 Trial 3: 0 Table 1C. Cart B after collision. Cart B mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v B ’ 0.068 kg 0.5 m Trial 1: .34 0.37 1.3514 Trial 2: .38 Trial 3: .39 Calculations for Activity 1. Elastic Collision with Equal Masses Apply the law of conservation of momentum to the two-cart system by calculating the momentum before and after the collision. Helpful equations : Momentum before the collision = 𝑚 𝐴 𝒗 𝐴 + 𝑚 𝐵 𝒗 𝐵 Momentum after the collision = 𝑚 𝐴 𝒗 𝐴 ′ + 𝑚 𝐵 𝒗 𝐵 ′ 𝑚 𝐴 𝒗 𝐴 + 𝑚 𝐵 𝒗 𝐵 = 𝑚 𝐴 𝒗 𝐴 ′ + 𝑚 𝐵 𝒗 𝐵 ′ Percent difference = | first value − second value first value + second value 2 | x 100% 1. Calculate the momentum of the system before the collision (the left side of the equation) and after the collision (the right side of the equation). 1.--- 0.081(0.9804) + 0 = 0.07964 2.--- 0 + 0.068(1.3514) = 0.09205 2. Calculate the percent difference between the two values. 1 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company

Percent difference = | first value − second value first value + second value 2 | x 100% 1. Calculate the momentum of the system before the collision (the left side of the equation) and after the collision (the right side of the equation). 1. 0.24(1.28) + 0 = 0.3072 2. 0.24(1.4286) + 0.066(1.4286) = 0.4372 2. Calculate the percent difference between the two values. | 0.3072 − 0.4372 0.3072 + 0.4372 2 | × 100 = 8.7 % 3. Explain any difference in the values before and after the collision. There is a huge weight difference between the two carts and because of that, the kinetic energy was more conserved by cart A. This determination was made after cart A kept rolling after the collision. Activity 3: Elastic Collision: Mass Added to Cart B Data Table 3 Table 3A. Cart A before collision. Cart A mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v A .342 kg .40 m Trial 1: .26 0.29 1.3462 Trial 2: .32 Trial 3: .31 Table 3B. Cart A after collision. Cart A mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v A ’ .342 kg -.1 m Trial 1: .11 0.13 -0.769 Trial 2: .15 Trial 3: .13 Table 3C. Cart B after collision. 3 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company

Cart B mass, m (kg) Distance, d (m) Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) Velocity = d/t (m/s) v B ’ .438 kg .5 m Trial 1: .78 0.74 0.6757 Trial 2: .69 Trial 3: .75 Calculations for Activity 3. Elastic Collision: Mass Added to Cart B . Apply the law of conservation of momentum to the two-cart system by calculating the momentum before and after the collision. Helpful equations : Momentum before the collision = 𝑚 𝐴 𝒗 𝐴 + 𝑚 𝐵 𝒗 𝐵 Momentum after the collision = 𝑚 𝐴 𝒗 𝐴 ′ + 𝑚 𝐵 𝒗 𝐵 ′ 𝑚 𝐴 𝒗 𝐴 + 𝑚 𝐵 𝒗 𝐵 = 𝑚 𝐴 𝒗 𝐴 ′ + 𝑚 𝐵 𝒗 𝐵 ′ Percent difference = | first value − second value first value + second value 2 | x 100% 1. Calculate the momentum of the system before the collision (the left side of the equation) and after the collision (the right side of the equation). 1. 0.342(1.3462) + 0 = 0.4618 2. 0.342(-0.769) + 0.438(0.6757) = 0.0329 2. Calculate the percent difference between the two values. | 0.4618 − 0.0329 0.4618 + 0.0329 2 | × 100 = 43.3% 3. Explain any difference in the values before and after the collision. One of the observations I made is that when weight was added to Cart B, it reduced the velocity, which in exchange reduced the kinetic energy that was transferred. The kinetic energy is transferred from Cart A to Cart B, but because of the additional weight on Cart B it created more force reaction. This in turn caused Cart A to propel backwards which conserves more kinetic energy for Cart A. Questions for Momentum : 4 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company