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Experiment 9 - Reflection, Refraction, and Total Internal Reflection Student name: Juliana Dupuy Pre-lab section: 1) Introduction: Explain the theory behind this experiment in a paragraph between 100 and 150 words . (1.5 point) This experiment is based that most objects reflect some amount of the light falling on them. Theta A The angle that incident ray makes regarding the surface normal at the point of incidence, it is drawn perpendicular. The angle that the reflected ray makes with the surface normal is Theta R. The law of reflection, is the incident, reflected, and surface normal rays all lie on the same plane, known as the angle of reflection and the plane of incidence. The angle of incidence is equal to theta R = Theta A. Total internal reflection is when a light beam travels through a material with a high refractive index, such as water, it bends away from the normal surface. The angle of refraction increases with the angle of incidence. The angle of refraction is 90 degrees when the angle of incidence reaches a specific number known as Theta c. 2) Hypothesis: In an If /Then statement, highlight the purpose of the experiment . (1 point) If the light is reflected off in a surface that is convex, it will have a greater angle of reflection than if the same light beam were to be reflected of a concave surface. Post-lab section: 3) Discussion: In a paragraph between 100 and 150 words , explain what you learned from the results obtained in the experiment . What conclusion can you draw from the results of this lab assignment? (1.5 point) n conclusion, I was able to study the laws of reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection. Through the three laws, I was able to measure focal lengths of convex and concave mirrors (as well as draw them out). I was also able to measure the index of the refraction of water. In this lab, I was tasked with measuring reflection, the focal length of a mirror, the refraction of light passing from air into water, and the refraction of light passing from water into air. By the end of the lab, I also learned what type of mirror my car’s windows are (even though you would be able to tell by their shape/orientation within my car). When light travels from a higher medium to a lower medium, total internal reflection does not occur and an example of this would be if light were to move from air into water. If it were to be the other way around, moving from a lower medium to a higher one, the circumstances would not be the same. n conclusion, I was able to study the laws of reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection. Through the three laws, I was able to measure focal lengths of convex and concave mirrors (as well as draw them out). I was also able to measure the index of the refraction of water. In this lab, I was tasked with measuring reflection, the focal length of a mirror, the refraction of light passing from air into water, and the refraction of light passing from water into air. By the end of the lab,

I also learned what type of mirror my car’s windows are (even though you would be able to tell by their shape/orientation within my car). When light travels from a higher medium to a lower medium, total internal reflection does not occur and an example of this would be if light were to move from air into water. If it were to be the other way around, moving from a lower medium to a higher one, the circumstances would not be the same. In conclusion, I was able to study the laws of reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection. Through the three laws, I was able to measure focal lengths of convex and concave mirrors (as well as draw them out). I was also able to measure the index of the refraction of water. In this lab, I was tasked with measuring reflection, the focal length of a mirror, the refraction of light passing from air into water, and the refraction of light passing from water into air. By the end of the lab, I also learned what type of mirror my car’s windows are (even though you would be able to tell by their shape/orientation within my car). When light travels from a higher medium to a lower medium, total internal reflection does not occur and an example of this would be if light were to move from air into water. If it were to be the other way around, moving from a lower medium to a higher one, the circumstances would not be the same In this experiment, I was able to learn about the laws of total internal reflection, refraction, and reflection. I was able to measure and draw the focal lengths of convex and concave mirrors using the three laws. Also, I was able to calculate the water's index of refraction. I was given the task of measuring reflection, a mirror's focal length, light refraction from water into air, and light refraction from air into water. By the end, I also knew what kind of mirrors my car had, even though you could tell by looking at the shape and orientation of the windows. Complete internal reflection does not happen when light moves from a higher medium into a lower one. An illustration of this would be if light moved from air into water. The situation would be different if it were the other way around, going from a lower to a higher medium. 4) Conclusion: In one sentence, compare the results of the experiment with your Hypothesis. Why? (1 point) Yes, it confirms my theory because convex surfaces allow for more refraction. 5) Data Analysis: Attach an image of the data and instruction pages containing tables with final calculated values, figures, plots, charts and responses to questions or specified calculations here (13 points) This should include: Figures 1, 2 for convex and concave surface: 2 points Figures 3, 4 for convex and concave surface: 3 points Image of angle measurements θ a and θ r with protractor: for convex and concave surface: 3 points ** Table 1: 1.5 point Table 2: 1.5 point Figure 5: 2 points

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6) Calculations: Attach an image all your calculation pages here . (0 point) Omit this section.

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7) End of Experiment Questions: Attach an image of the lab manual pages containing your responses to the end of experiment questions here. (2 points)

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