Uniform Circular Motion Lab report

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Dec 6, 2023

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Report for Experiment #5 Uniform Circular Motion Keshvi Damani Lab Partner: Charolette Lee TA: Mehmet Velat Inci Experiment Date: Oct 5, 2023
Abstract This lab report investigates the concepts of uniform circular motion via experiments including centripetal force, mass, radius, and angular velocity. Data was obtained on the motion of an item travelling in a circular route at a constant speed using a horizontal turntable and a rotating mass. The time it took the mass to complete a single rotation around the post was determined, and the velocity and its error were estimated using the equation V = 2r / T. The squared velocity was then plotted against the centripetal force on a graph. This allowed the mass across the radius of the mass to be compared to the slope of the centripetal force vs. velocity squared plot through the equation F = mv2 / r. Introduction This uniform circular motion (UCM) lab was done to put Newton's second law of motion to the test and better comprehend its applicability to uniform circular motion. Newton's second rule of motion says the net force acting on an object is proportional to its mass and acceleration. The velocity in UCM is continually changing. Even if the magnitude of the velocity remains constant, the trajectory of the velocity changes continually, resulting in acceleration in an object moving in uniform circular motion. When an item is moving in a straight line, the acceleration is determined by dividing the change in velocity by the time passed. Investigation 1 A Sargent-Welch centripetal force device was used in this study. This apparatus was created to measure the force exerted by an elastic. The equipment features a spinning arm that enables centripetal motion. Before measuring any rotations, the mass of the bob and the radius of the circular motion, r, were recorded. The mass of the bob was 448.27 ± 0.035 g. The radius was calculated by allowing the bob to float freely and aligning a pointer beneath it. The radius was the distance between the pointer and the
spinning arm. The radius was calculated to be 17.3 ± 0.15 cm. The equipment is constructed so that the rope connecting the bob stays upright during the action. The elastic is stretched using a bucket containing weights. The weights are added until the bob is aligned with the pointer. This was done with 5 different strengths of elastics and springs. The magnitude of this force is calculated by multiplying mass and gravity. The bucket and weights are taken out before starting the rotations. The rotatable arm was rotated until the bob was once again aligned with the pointer. After this, the bob was realigned with the pointer and the time it took for 2 rotations was calculated. Table 1: Mass, Time, Velocity and Centripetal force measurements m(kg) Velocity (cm/s) Velocity squared a(cm/s^2) centripetal force (N) Number of revolutions t1 (s) t2(s) t3(s) Average T (s) Periods T (s) Trial 1 0.099 2.95 8.74 0.506 0.051 2 2.776 2.9 2.99 2.89 1.445 Trial 2 0.660 12.3 150 8.74 5.77 2 3.27 2.05 1.46 2.26 1.13 Trial 3 0.160 3.27 10.7 0.620 0.099 2 3.36 3.41 2.29 3.02 1.51 Trial 4 0.196 11.7 136 7.87 1.55 2 3.36 2.4 2.72 2.83 1.415 Trial 5 0.460 17.8 316 18.4 8.45 2 3.42 3.72 4.20 3.78 1.89 Table 2: Errors in Calculations Error in m(kg) Error in Velocity (cm/s) Error in Velocity squared Error in a(cm/s^2) Error in centripetal force (N) Error in Time (s) Error in radius Trial 1 0.000025 0.0121 0.110 0.0126 0.0249 0.035 0.015 Trial 2 0.000040 0.0133 0.115 0.0011 0.000145 0.030 0.015 Trial 3 0.000035 0.00342 0.0585 0.0055 0.0089 0.010 0.015
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Trial 4 0.000015 0.00537 0.0732 0.00102 0.000150 0.015 0.015 Trial 5 0.000020 0.0106 0.103 0.000926 6.65E-05 0.040 0.015 Graph 1: Force v Velocity Graph 2: Force v Velocity Squared
Conclusion Centripetal force was measured using the Sargent-Welch instrument. The velocity was calculated using the length of time it took for one rotation to occur, period (T). A linear connection was discovered by graphing force and velocity squared along with associated errors. Questions 1. kg/m 2. The line would pass through the origin because when the velocity is zero, v^2 would also be zero making the centripetal force zero. 3. The marble will follow path B. This is because the velocity would be tangent to the curve so the ball will follow the tangent line. 4. The relative error would be 3%. 5. The radius would go up by a factor of 4. Honors Questions (3&4) W=mg
g = 9.81 - (2*pi/86400) ^2*6.37*10^6*cos 42.4 g = 9.785 W=1000(9.785) W= 9785 4a. R=v^2/ug = 234.67^2/(0.5*32) = 3442 ft 4b. T=2pir/V = 92.16 s 4c. Formula 1 racers must change their tires regularly because the wear coefficient of friction decreases, requiring them to take corners more slowly.
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