Physics111L_ConservationofMomentum_291291

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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com External force multiplied by the time over which the force is applied 1 Impulse Mass multiplied by velocity 2 Momentum One-half mass multiplied by velocity squared 3 Kinetic energy Collision after which objects rebound perfectly 4 Elastic collision Collision after which objects remain attached to one another 5 Inelastic collision Physics 111L Conservation of Momentum Final Report Student Name Kyra Pell Student ID 291291 Lesson Conservation of Momentum Institution University of Southern Mississippi Session Fall 2023 Course Physics 111L Instructor Sidney Gautrau Test Your Knowledge Match each term with the best description.
Identify each statement as true or false. True False 1 2 Impulse is a measurement of the An impulsive force is constant over change in momentum of an object. time. Momentum is a vector quantity. Momentum and kinetic energy are always conserved in every collision. Exploration The momentum of an object depends on the of the object. mass velocity both mass and velocity None of the above The impulse is measured by finding the area under the force - time curve. True False The force experienced during an interaction can be reduced by increasing the of the interaction. time duration impulse momentum change All of the above
The momentum of each individual object in an isolated system is conserved. True False Elastic collisions are interactions during which the interacting objects stick together. True False Momentum is conserved in both elastic and inelastic collisions, while kinetic energy is conserved only in elastic collisions. True False Exercise 1 What would happen to the momentum of a marble in this experiment if the angle of the inclined ruler were increased or decreased? The greater the incline, the greater the momentum, while the smaller the incline, the smaller the momentum. This is because a marble going down a steeper incline will experience a greater acceleration due to gravity, thus increasing its velocity. Therefore, since momentum is mass times velocity increasing, its momentum will also increase.
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nitial momentum is zero, while the marble(s) rolling down the ramp an initial momentum higher than zero. After the collision the momentum of the rollin ucing external forces and changing the momentum of the initially stationary marble. Based on your observations in Data Table 1, what can you conclude about the momentum of the released marble(s) just before the impact and the momentum of the marble(s) knocked away after the impact? Include how your observations support that momentum is conserved or not conserved in your answer. Data Table 1: Observation of Collisions Trial # Marbles on incline Number 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 1 5 2 6 3 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 1 11 2 12 2 Trial # Marbles on board Size 1 Small 2 Small
3 Small 4 Small 5 Small 6 Small 7 Small 8 Small 9 Medium 10 Large 11 Small 12 Small Trial # Predicted: # of marbles to move 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 4 11 1 12 1 Trial # Observed: # of marbles moved 1 Small 2 Small 3 Small 4 Small 5 Small 6 Small 7 Small 8 Small 9 Small 10 Small
11 Medium 12 Large Trial # Observations 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 4 11 1 12 1 Trial # Number 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 2
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8 3 9 4 10 4 11 1 12 1 Trial # Size 1 The marble rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved all 4 marbles, knocking the marble farthest from the ruler off the wooden board and shifting the others approximately 3 to 4 (cm) a piece. 2 The marbles rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved all 4 marbles, knocking the 2 marbles farthest from the ruler off the wooden board and shifting the others approximately 23 to 24 (cm) a piece. 3 The marbles rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved all 4 marbles, knocking all 4 of them, plus 1 rolling down the ramp, off the board.
4 The marble rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved the 1 marble, knocking it and the 1 rolling down the ramp, off the board. 5 The marbles rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved the 1 marble, knocking it and the 2 rolling down the ramp, off the board. 6 The marbles rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved the 1 marble, knocking it and the 3 rolling down the ramp, off the board. 7 The marble rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved both marbles, knocking 1 off the board and shifting the other approximately 21.5 (cm). 8 The marble rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved all 3 marbles, knocking 1 off the board and shifting the other 2 approximately 6 to 7 (cm) a piece.
this experiment the collisions that happened in every setup were elastic collisions. This means that the interacting objects of the collisions did not ogether, but instead bounce off one another. As for whether I expected the kinetic energy to be conserved, the answer is yes. This is because it is a well- at kinetic energy during this collision is conserved. 9 The marble rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved all 4 marbles, knocking 1 off the board and shifting the other 3 approximately 12, 13, and 15.5 (cm). 10 The marble rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved all 4 marbles, knocking them all and the 1 rolling down the ramp, off the board. 11 The marbles rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved the marble, knocking it and the 2 rolling down the ramp, off the board. 12 The marbles rolling down a 15 (cm) length at approximately 10 degrees moved the marble, knocking it and the 2 rolling down the ramp, off the board. Exercise 2 What type of collision(s) did you observe in this exercise? Do you expect kinetic energy to be conserved? Explain your answer.
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appen during this experiment. In every set up the total momentum after the collision was less than the total momentum before the collision. This indicate ces external forces and keeps total momentum conservation from happening. Was momentum conserved before and after the collisions in this exercise? Use your data from Data Table 3 and Graph 1 to support your answer.
Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com nto the small marble, the initial momentum of marble 1 in each setup, the marble rolling down the ramp, is significantly bigger than the final momentums maller than that of setup E, this being thesmall marble. th P representing momentum, M representing mass, and V representing volume, mass can be found with the equation M=(P/V). Meaning mass equals 48 Use the data in Data Table 2 to relate the momentum of the largest marble to the momentum of the smallest marble for a variety of circumstances. A ball is moving at 4 m/s and has a momentum of 48 kg m/s. What is the mass of the ball? Show your work. Data Table 2: Velocity and Momentum Setup Marble size A. Marble 1 Initial Small A. Marble 2 Final Small A. Marble 1 Final Small B. Marble 1 Initial Small B. Marble 2 Final Medium B. Marble 1 Final Small C. Marble 1 Initial Medium C. Marble 2 Final Small C. Marble 1 Final Medium D. Marble 1 Initial Small D. Marble 2 Final Large D. Marble 1 Final Small E. Marble 1 Initial Large
Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com E. Marble 2 Final Small E. Marble 1 Final Large Setup Mass (g) A. Marble 1 Initial 3.42 A. Marble 2 Final 3.42 A. Marble 1 Final 3.42 B. Marble 1 Initial 3.42 B. Marble 2 Final 5.14 B. Marble 1 Final 3.42 C. Marble 1 Initial 5.14 C. Marble 2 Final 3.42 C. Marble 1 Final 5.14 D. Marble 1 Initial 3.42 D. Marble 2 Final 9.23 D. Marble 1 Final 3.42 E. Marble 1 Initial 9.23 E. Marble 2 Final 3.42 E. Marble 1 Final 9.23 Setup Measured distance (m) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.340 A. Marble 2 Final 0.340 A. Marble 1 Final 0.250 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.340 B. Marble 2 Final 0.340 B. Marble 1 Final 0.250
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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com C. Marble 1 Initial 0.340 C. Marble 2 Final 0.340 C. Marble 1 Final 0.250 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.340 D. Marble 2 Final 0.340 D. Marble 1 Final 0.250 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.340 E. Marble 2 Final 0.340 E. Marble 1 Final 0.250 Setup Trial 1 time (s) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.48 A. Marble 2 Final 0.79 A. Marble 1 Final 1.20 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.59 B. Marble 2 Final 1.18 B. Marble 1 Final 1.72 C. Marble 1 Initial 0.66 C. Marble 2 Final 0.66 C. Marble 1 Final 1.18 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.54 D. Marble 2 Final 1.85 D. Marble 1 Final 2.42 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.66 E. Marble 2 Final 0.53
Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com E. Marble 1 Final 0.65 Setup Trial 2 time (s) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.46 A. Marble 2 Final 0.94 A. Marble 1 Final 1.07 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 B. Marble 2 Final 1.12 B. Marble 1 Final 1.59 C. Marble 1 Initial 0.66 C. Marble 2 Final 0.66 C. Marble 1 Final 1.12 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.48 D. Marble 2 Final 1.79 D. Marble 1 Final 2.03 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.59 E. Marble 2 Final 0.61 E. Marble 1 Final 0.86 Setup Trial 3 time (s) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.54 A. Marble 2 Final 1.05 A. Marble 1 Final 1.21 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 B. Marble 2 Final 1.26 B. Marble 1 Final 1.53
Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com C. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 C. Marble 2 Final 0.66 C. Marble 1 Final 0.92 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 D. Marble 2 Final 1.99 D. Marble 1 Final 1.85 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 E. Marble 2 Final 0.61 E. Marble 1 Final 0.74 Setup Trial 4 time (s) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.52 A. Marble 2 Final 0.93 A. Marble 1 Final 1.07 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 B. Marble 2 Final 1.25 B. Marble 1 Final 1.31 C. Marble 1 Initial 0.59 C. Marble 2 Final 0.72 C. Marble 1 Final 1.13 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 D. Marble 2 Final 2.01 D. Marble 1 Final 1.84 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 E. Marble 2 Final 0.53
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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com E. Marble 1 Final 0.66 Setup Trial 5 time (s) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 A. Marble 2 Final 0.94 A. Marble 1 Final 1.13 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 B. Marble 2 Final 1.30 B. Marble 1 Final 1.77 C. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 C. Marble 2 Final 0.72 C. Marble 1 Final 0.99 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.59 D. Marble 2 Final 1.91 D. Marble 1 Final 1.85 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.47 E. Marble 2 Final 0.66 E. Marble 1 Final 0.59 Setup Average time (s) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.51 A. Marble 2 Final 0.93 A. Marble 1 Final 1.14 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.54 B. Marble 2 Final 1.22 B. Marble 1 Final 1.58
Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com C. Marble 1 Initial 0.59 C. Marble 2 Final 0.68 C. Marble 1 Final 1.07 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.53 D. Marble 2 Final 1.91 D. Marble 1 Final 2.00 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.57 E. Marble 2 Final 0.59 E. Marble 1 Final 0.70 Setup Velocity (m/s) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.67 A. Marble 2 Final 0.37 A. Marble 1 Final 0.22 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.63 B. Marble 2 Final 0.28 B. Marble 1 Final 0.16 C. Marble 1 Initial 0.58 C. Marble 2 Final 0.50 C. Marble 1 Final 0.23 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.64 D. Marble 2 Final 0.18 D. Marble 1 Final 0.13 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.60 E. Marble 2 Final 0.58
Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com E. Marble 1 Final 0.36 Setup Momentum (kg m/s) A. Marble 1 Initial 0.0022914 A. Marble 2 Final 0.0012654 A. Marble 1 Final 0.0007524 B. Marble 1 Initial 0.0021546 B. Marble 2 Final 0.0014392 B. Marble 1 Final 0.0005472 C. Marble 1 Initial 0.0029812 C. Marble 2 Final 0.0017100 C. Marble 1 Final 0.0011822 D. Marble 1 Initial 0.0021888 D. Marble 2 Final 0.0016614 D. Marble 1 Final 0.0004446 E. Marble 1 Initial 0.0055380 E. Marble 2 Final 0.0019836 E. Marble 1 Final 0.0033228 Data Table 3: Total Momentum Setup Total momentum before Total momentum after Percentage momentum loss A 0.0022914 (kg x m/s) 0.0020178 (kg x m/s) 11.94% B 0.0021546 (kg x m/s) 0.0019814 (kg x m/s) 8.04% C 0.0029812 (kg x m/s) 0.0028922 (kg x m/s) 2.99% D 0.0021888 (kg x m/s) 0.0021060 (kg x m/s) 3.78 %
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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com E 0.0055380 (kg x m/s) 0.0053064 (kg x m/s) 4.18% Graph 1: Momentum Before and After Collision
Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com ows down until it stops in the new opposite direction. As shown in Data Table 4 The lower mass stone’s final velocity will plummet while the higher mass stone’s final will rise. Do note that the system, the momentum of the system is constant. An isolated system is a system on which no external forces act. In other words, all forces acting on an object are internal to the system. I am Momentum in the sense of a lack of conserved momentum outside of this system. I believe this due to the fact that out of 3 trials conducted only 1 fully conserved its momentum, and that 1 Exercise 3 What is the result of colliding a moving curling stone of lower mass with a stationary curling stone of higher mass? How is this supported by your calculations in Data Table 3? How do the results of this simulation exercise support the law of conservation of momentum? Explain your answer.
Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com se 3 functions rather similar to Exercises 1 and 2. Although all 3 exercises dealt with elastic collisions, not one setup was is due to the fact that, while Exercises 1 and 2 also dealt inclines, all exercises were functioning outside of an isolated system. All of them functioned under the effects of gravity therefore, kee oved my understanding of the conservation of momentum of colliding objects. Especially in regard to how the weight of a stationary object will affect how much moment x 0 (m/s)) = ( 3 (kg) x 2.5 (m/s)) + (9 (kg) x v'2)). This gets me the values, (15 (kg x m/s) = (7.5 (kg x m/s) + (9 (kg) x v'2)). Than I subtracted (7.5(kg x m/s)) from both side, leaving me with the fo How does the simulation exercise compare to your observations and results from Exercises 1 and 2? Do you feel the simulation improved your understanding of the conservation of momentum of colliding objects? A ball with a mass of 3 kg moving at 5 m/s collides with a 9 kg ball at rest. After the collision, the impacting (3 kg) ball bounces back at a speed of 2.5 m/s. How fast does the 9 kg ball move and in what direction? Data Table 4: Curling Ball Momentum Simulation Trial Stone Color 1 Red Yellow 2 Red Yellow 3 Red Yellow Trial Mass (kg) 1 20
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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com 15 2 20 20 3 20 25 Trial v i (m/s) 1 5 0 2 5 0 3 5 0 Trial p i (kg·m/s) 1 100 0 2 100 0 3 100 0 Trial p i,net (kg·m/s) 1 100 2 100 3 100 Trial v f (m/s) 1 0.71 5.71
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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com 2 0.00 5.00 3 0.56 4.44 Trial p f (kg·m/s) 1 14.20 85.65 2 0.00 100.00 3 11.20 111.00 Trial p f,net (kg·m/s) 1 99.85 2 100.00 3 122.20
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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Competency Review The units of momentum are . kg m m/s kg m/s All of the above Impulse is calculated by multiplying average force by . time duration distance traveled change in momentum All of the above The is a measurement of the change in momentum of an object. kinetic energy impulse velocity All of the above Momentum is conserved for any interaction. True False
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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Kinetic energy is conserved for both elastic and inelastic collisions. True False An explosion a type of reverse collision. elastic inelastic interaction All of the above Collisions between marbles are collisions. elastic inelastic interaction All of the above As the mass of an impactor (such as a marble rolling down an incline) increases, the of the impactor increases. momentum force impulse All of the above The mass of a marble is 0.003 kg and the velocity of the marble is 2 m/s. The momentum of the marble is kg m/s. 0.002 0.006 700 None of the above
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Copyright 2023 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com stem, the momentum before and after the elastic collision would be conserved. With this said, if this was done outside of this system, despite the collisio A less massive impacting object colliding elastically with a more massive stationary object produces velocity in the stationary object after the collision. a larger the same a smaller All of the above Extension Questions A ball bouncing against the ground and rebounding is an example of an elastic collision. Describe two different methods of evaluating this interaction, one for which momentum is conserved, and one for which momentum is not conserved. Explain your answer.
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