PHY1105_LG3_MomentumRotation_JElyWasinger

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Chapter 6 and 8- Momentum and Rotational Motion Jay Ely-Wasinger Learning Guide I. Vocabulary & Terminology: Explain each of the following vocabulary terms in 1-2 full, coherent sentences . Include pictures or diagrams to increase the clarity of your explanation. -Momentum- Momentum is the measurement of the motion of an object calculated by the product of the mass and velocity of the object. -Inelastic Collisions are collisions in which there is a loss in kinetic energy. -Torque is the measurement of the force required to move an object about its axis of rotation. -Impulse describes or quantifies the effect of a force acting over time to change an object's momentum. -Radian is a unit of measurement used for angles of circles, where one radian is the arc length of the circle that is equal to the radius. -Moment of Inertia is the measurement of how an object resists angular acceleration. -Elastic Collisions are collisions where there is no loss in kinetic energy. -Angular Velocity is the rate at which an object revolves around its axis. -Angular Momentum the measurement of the rotation of an object, which is the product of its moment of inertial and its angular velocity. Make sure the 1-d box is checked. Use the PhET collision simulation at: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/collision- lab/latest/collision-lab_all.html to work out the answers to the following questions. Before you start: ● Turn elasticity down to zero ● Click “more data” to allow you to enter in values for the mass and velocity. ● For each question, fill out the table with values extracted from the question. Use these to fill in the data on the app.

1) A ball travelling at 2m/s with a mass of 0.5kg collides with a stationary ball of 1kg, and they stick together. What is the momentum before and after the collision? Mass ( ..... ) Velocity before collision ( ...... ) Velocity after collision ( ....... ) Momentum before ( .......... ) Momentum after( ........ ) Ball 1 0.5 kg 2 m/s 0.67 m/s 1.0 kg m/s 0.33 kg m/s Ball 2 1.0 kg 0 m/s 0.67 m/s 0 kg m/s 0.67 kg m/s Both balls 1.5 kg 1.34 m/s 1.0 kg m/s 1.0 kg m/s 2) What do you notice? What do we call this concept? The momentum before and after the collision were the same, due to the law of conservation of momentum. 3) What is the unit of momentum? The unit of momentum is kg m/s, or a Newton Second. 4) How fast must a 0.3kg ball be moving to have a momentum of 2.1kg.m/s? Mass Velocity Momentum Ball 1 0.3 kg 7.0 m/s 2.1 kg m/s

5) A 0.66kg ball travelling at 0.4 m/s collides with a ball of 0.33kg, and they stick together... a) What is the total momentum after the collision? b) How fast will the two balls (which are now stuck together) be moving after the collision? Mass (kg) Velocity before collision (m/s) Velocity after collision (m/s) Momentum before (kg.m/s) Momentum after (kg.m/s) Ball 1 0.66 kg 0.4 m/s 0.27 m/s 0.26 kg m/s 0.18 kg m/s Ball 2 0.33 kg 0.0 m/s 0.27 m/s 0.0 kg m/s 0.09 kg m/s Both balls 0.99 kg 0.27 m/s 0.26 kg m/s 0.26 kg m/s 6) What happens to the momentum of a 1kg ball if it collides head on with a 2kg ball coming the other way with an equal and opposite velocity? Mass (kg) Velocity before collision (m/s) Velocity after collision (m/s) Momentum before (kg.m/s) Momentum after (kg.m/s) Ball 1 1 kg 0.5 m/s -0.17 m/s 0.5 kg m/s -0.17 kg m/s Ball 2 2 kg -0.5 m/s -0.17 m/s -1.0 kg m/s -0.33 kg m/s Both balls 3 kg

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7) If a ball of 3kg is chasing a ball of 0.75kg and the momentum of each ball is 0.3kgm/s and 0.15kgm/s respectively, will the first ball ever catch the second ball? Mass (kg) Velocity before collision (m/s) Velocity after collision (m/s) Momentum before (kg.m/s) Momentum after (kg.m/s) Ball 1 3 kg 0.1 m/s 0.3 kg.m/s Ball 2 0.75 kg 0.2 m/s 0.15 kg.m/s Both balls 3.75 kg 0.45 kg.m/s The first ball will never be able to catch up to the second ball. 8) Create 3 more distinct scenarios in 1-d including one totally inelastic collision. Make a hypothesis whether or not each will follow conservation of momentum. Collect some data and prove or disprove your hypothesis. III. Conceptual & Comparative Reasoning: Complete the table by describing what each physical concept means in a linear (straight line) setting and a rotational setting. Physical Concept Linear Rotational Position Straight motion along a straight line Moving around a single point of rotation

Velocity The rate of change in relation to time How fast an object rotates around it’s axis of rotation Acceleration The increase of movement along a straight line The rate of change of the angular velocity Force/Torque A force that acts in a straight line The rotational equivalent to force, the measure of force needed to turn an object around an object Kinetic Energy/Rotational Energy The energy an object possesses due to being in motion Kinetic energy due to the rotation of an object Momentum The measurement of force in motion of an object from the product of its mass and velocity The measurement of an objects motion along a rotational axis

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