PHYS201_LAB_HOOKE

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Holy Family University *

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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2023FA Gen Physics I Sect P/Q Holy Family University Damien Turchi, M.Sc.Eng. PHYS-201-P-2023FA dturchi@holyfamily.edu PHYS-201-Q-2023FA Physics 202 Lab 6: Hooke’s Law Introduction In this lab you will be studying the equation called Hooke’s law. This law relates the restoring force associated with a spring to the distance it is displaced from an equilibrium position. The negative sign is present in the equation to represent the restoring force which is in opposition to the applied force creating the displacement. In this experiment the force that creates the displacement will be the weights of the masses applied to the spring. By using the weights and the displacements the spring constant for the spring can be found. Once the spring constant is found you will be using it to calculate the frequency of motion associated with the spring. Materials Hooke’s law apparatus 1 , meter stick, scale Experimental Details Experiment 1: Experimentally determine the spring constant In this experiment, you will determine the spring constant for your system. You will set up the system using the kit provided to you. Figure 1 to the right is a diagram of the set-up. The following equations will assist you in determining the spring constant experimentally. EQUATION 1 𝐹 ??????𝑖?? = − 𝑘Δ𝑥 EQUATION 2 𝑊 = ?? = W (when the system is in equilibrium) EQUATION 3 𝐹 ??????𝑖?? Figure 1. Experimental setup Figure 2 and 3 below will also help with your setup. 1 In your lab report be sure to describe the contents of this kit with required information, such that a peer who did not complete that lab understands what was used
2023FA Gen Physics I Sect P/Q Holy Family University Damien Turchi, M.Sc.Eng. PHYS-201-P-2023FA dturchi@holyfamily.edu PHYS-201-Q-2023FA Figure 2. Experimental Apparatus during an experiment Figure 3. Zoomed-in view of attaching clamp to meter stick. Ensure that the meter stick is level
2023FA Gen Physics I Sect P/Q Holy Family University Damien Turchi, M.Sc.Eng. PHYS-201-P-2023FA dturchi@holyfamily.edu PHYS-201-Q-2023FA For experiment 1, complete the following steps: 1) Set up the ring stand and clamp to the table roughly 10 cm from the top of the stand. Place the meter stick upright next to the ring stand. 2) Attach the spring on one side to the clamp and on the other side to the mass hanger. Establish the equilibrium position and note the corresponding value on your meter stick. 3) Starting with 10 grams add masses up to 100 grams one at a time in increments of 10 grams to the mass hanger. 4) For each mass measure the displacement experienced by the spring from the equilibrium position. 5) Data section should include a table with two (2) Columns: “Mass Added (g), Displacement (cm)”; Eleven (11) Rows: “0 – 100g” 6) For your analysis section, create a scatterplot with weight (newtons) on the y axis and displacement (meters) on the x-axis. Your weight should include the hanger’s weight. Add a linear fit to this scatterplot. Include the fitted equation and the R^2 goodness of fit value. Comment on the experimental significance of the R^2 value. Also comment on the significance of the linear fit’s slope. Experiment 2: Experimentally determine the frequency Experiment 2 will use the same set-up as experiment 1. In this experiment, you will measure the period of motion and use this data along with the determined spring constant to derive the expected angular frequency. You will identify if the relationship between frequency and angular frequency matches the relationship expected by theory. The following equations will assist you with experiment 2: EQUATION 3 ω = 2π? EQUATION 4 ω = 𝑘 ? EQUATION 5 𝑇 = 1 ? EQUATION 6 ? = 1 𝑘 ? For experiment 2, complete the following steps: 1) Attach the masses from 10 grams to 100 grams in increments of 10 grams one at a time. In each case support the mass and hanger until no tension is on the spring. 2) Release the mass and hanger and measure the time for 25 cycles. A cycle is when the mass returns to the same place from which it started. 3) Divide the time for 25 cycles by 25 to get the period. 4) Use equation 5 to find the experimental frequency. 5) Data section should include a table with two (4) Columns: “Mass added (g), Time of 25 cycles (s)”, “Experimental Period (s)”, “Experimental Frequency (Hz)”; Ten (10) rows: “10g-100g”
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2023FA Gen Physics I Sect P/Q Holy Family University Damien Turchi, M.Sc.Eng. PHYS-201-P-2023FA dturchi@holyfamily.edu PHYS-201-Q-2023FA 6) As an analysis table, use equation 6 to calculate the EXPECTED frequency for each mass using the spring constant determined in experiment 1. Also, use equation 4 to determine the EXPECTED angular frequency using the spring constant obtained in experiment 1. 7) In your analysis, create a scatter plot of the EXPECTED angular frequency versus the EXPERIMENTAL frequency. Add a linear fit to this scatter plot. Include the fitted equation and the R^2 goodness of fit value. 8) In your analysis, calculate the experimental error between the slope from your fitted line and the accepted slope from equation 3. Briefly comment on this experimental error and its significance. 9) In your analysis, calculate the experimental error between the EXPECTED frequency and EXPERIMENTAL frequency. Briefly comment on this experimental error and its significance. Analysis Questions 1) If the R^2 value from experiment 1 was very low then what does this tell you about experiment versus theory? Should we trust Hooke’s Law and distrust your data? Or should we trust your data and distrust Hooke’s Law? 2) In experiment 1, was there any relationship regarding the amount of mass applied to the spring and the overall displacement? If so, what was this relationship? 3) Consider some sources of error that could have occurred in part 2. Why could it be that experimental error exists between the slope obtained from data and the accepted value? Report Your lab report should include the following parts for full credit. Refer to the syllabus for more details. Title: including your name, the section, date of delivery, the title of the experiment and instructor’s name Purpose Statement: A general statement of what is being explored. Consider what you are trying to experimentally determine. What are you trying to compare this experimentally determined result against? Materials: A detailed list of the materials used Procedure: A list of the techniques used to arrive at raw measured data step-by-step Data Section: A section with one or more tables that describes values being used or assumed as well as raw data measured. Analysis: Calculations of derived values and Graphs in readable logical order. Prior to a table with calculated values, please write a short paragraph that describes (1) what is going to be calculated, (2) what equation is used to calculated the value, (3) where the input values come from (e.g. the data section or from a prior intermediate value in another table?), and (4) what the name of the column in the table is that you will fill in with the equation’s output.
2023FA Gen Physics I Sect P/Q Holy Family University Damien Turchi, M.Sc.Eng. PHYS-201-P-2023FA dturchi@holyfamily.edu PHYS-201-Q-2023FA Questions: Copy the questions from this lab manual into your report. Answer each question with as much detail required. Conclusion: Assess the general conclusions of the experiment. Ensure that you have referenced the learning goal stated in your purpose and use your percent errors as quantitative assessment of your success at achieving it.