Lab1-Phys316

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Wichita State University *

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316

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lab Report Lab Section # 1 Electric Field & Potential And Gauss’s Law
Purpose To know about the shape of the electric field around charges (A). To learn about the electric field in parallel plate (B) and between two conductors(C). Theory The formula is to know the electric force applied by two charges on each other: F e = k q 1 q 2 r 2 Equipotential lines must always be perpendicular to the electrical field lines. 1A – Electric Field Around a Conductor Apparatus Voltmeter Equipotential and Field Mapper Kit Power Supply, 15VDC Pencil Tape, Sticky Procedure 1. Choose 2 points on the Equipotential and Field Mapper Kit. Then use two pushpins to attach the paper to corkboard. 2. Use 2 cables to connect the power supply with the two pins. 2 more cables taped together and connect to voltmeter. 3. Turn on the voltage to 10V. Choose a point near negative charge, tilt the voltage leads to get the constant maximum value. 4. Move on to the point at that position and repeat until you point to the positive pin. Prediction What is the shape of the electric field around an isolated electric charge? What is the shape of the electric field if there are two unlike charges near each other? The electric field starts from positive charge to negative charge. Toward negative charge and outward positive charge.
Data Analysis 1. What is the overall shape of the electric field you mapped? The electric field goes from positive to negative charge. 2. Do your results support your predictions Yes, they do.
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1B – Parallel Plate Separation Distance vs. Equipotential Apparatus Graph Paper Pad Conductive Paper Pad Push Pin Circle Template Clip Leads Procedure 1. Prepare parallel electrodes with separation distances. 2. Connect cables from power supply to the two ends of the electrodes. 3. Set the voltage up to 12V. 4. Start measuring the voltage between one end and points in between two ends. Data and Analysis Parallel Plate Separation Distance (cm) Equipotential Gradient (V/cm) 2 1.39 5 3.47 9 6.23 15 10.39
1C – Gauss’ Law Apparatus Plotting Board with Teledeltos Paper Voltmeter D.C. Power Cord Ruler Procedure 1. Build the circuit as the image in the lab manual. 2. Connect the black wire from the voltmeter to the inner circle. 3. Move the other wire from the inner to the outer circle to measure the value. Analysis Radius Voltage ln(r/ra) 2 0 0 3 3.06 0.405 4 5.23 0.693 5 6.86 0.916 6 8.24 1.099 7 9.41 1.253 8 10.4 1.386 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 f(x) = 2.98 x − 2.07 R² = 0.98 Equipotential Gradient vs Separation Distance Separation Distance (cm) Gradient (V/cm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 f(x) = 0.13 x − 0 R² = 1 Voltage vs ln(r/ra) ln(r/ra) Voltage (V) Linear Plot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 f(x) = 7.5 ln(x) − 5.19 R² = 1 Voltage vs Radius Radius (cm) Voltage (V) Semi-Log Plot Conclusion From these experiments, we learn how the charge, parallel plate, and two conductors produce electric field. The error from this experiment is mainly because it was hard to point out the exact position to measure the distance. However, our results are quite good and near to our expectation. From this lab session, we understood how to draw the electric field lines and confirmed the Gauss’ Law.
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