PHYS110 Having a %22Ball%22 with Uncertainties Lab - STUDENT VERSION.docx

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Siena Education Center *

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110

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Physics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Siena College - General Physics 110 Having a “Ball” with Uncertainties Lab NAME: GROUP MEMBERS: Learning Goals 1. In this lab, you will engage with the ideas of (1) uncertainties in measurements and experiments and (2) data analysis. Equipment: Video of experiment (see link below), a stopwatch and/or timer app. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iuXgpFPnX0 Watch the video of two people (Professor Finn’s children, Caitlin and James) tossing a ball back and forth. Measure the time it takes for the ball to travel from one person to the other and record these times, keeping track of which person is throwing. That is, make one list of times for when Caitlin is throwing the ball, and a separate list of times for when James is throwing the ball. You may use a stopwatch/timer app on your phone to measure the time. Record these times. Your instructors will share a Google Sheet with the class so that everyone can enter their data on their own: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1w5NAfE0wE5oXMcoW907Y3yQ7AOil1j2erRAE soV6kZ0/edit?usp=sharing Your instructors will use the spreadsheet to calculate: The average time and standard deviation for the times recorded for each throw. The average time and standard deviation for the times recorded by each person. Purpose & Procedures Briefly summarize, in your own words, the objective(s) of your experiments. Describe your experimental procedures in enough detail that another group could recreate your experiments exactly -- not just do experiments similar to yours. In your detailed procedures, specify precisely how others will know when you started/stopped the time measuring device. Scientific Ability Missing Inadequate Needs Improvement Adequate B1 Is able to identify the phenomenon to be investigated No phenomenon is mentioned. The description of the phenomenon to be investigated is confusing, or it is not the phenomena of interest. The description of the phenomenon is vague or incomplete. The phenomenon to be investigated is clearly stated. B2 Is able to design a reliable experiment that investigates the The experiment does not investigate the phenomenon. The experiment may not yield any interesting patterns. Some important aspects of the phenomenon will not be observable. The experiment might yield interesting patterns relevant to the 1
Siena College - General Physics 110 Having a “Ball” with Uncertainties Lab phenomenon investigation of the phenomenon. Data Tables Record all of the data that only you collected in your experiments in neat, easy to understand tables with units included . Take into consideration the number of trials that your group thinks should be run. Scientific Ability Missing Inadequate Needs Improvement Adequate G4 Is able to record and represent data in a meaningful way Data are either absent or incomprehensible. Some important data are absent or incomprehensible. All important data are present, but recorded in a way that requires some effort to comprehend. All important data are present, organized, and recorded clearly. Graphical Representations Include a graph which represents the data from the class as a whole . Your instructor will generate graphs that summarize the data for the class as a whole. Discuss these graphs with your lab partners or with the other students at your table. Are they all measuring the same thing? Scientific Ability Missing Inadequate Needs Improvement Adequate A11 Graph No graph is present. A graph is present, but the axes are not labeled. There is no scale on the axes. The data points are incorrectly connected to each other instead of using an appropriate trendline. The graph is present and the axes are labeled, but the axes do not correspond to the independent and dependent variable OR the scale is not accurate. The data points are not connected to each other, but there is no trendline either. The graph has correctly labeled axes, the independent variable is along the horizontal axis and the scale is accurate. The trendline is correct. Data Analysis What patterns did you notice in the experiments you performed? Reference your data tables and graphs. State the values for the average time and standard deviation for the time recorded by you for each person (Caitlin and James). 2
Siena College - General Physics 110 Having a “Ball” with Uncertainties Lab Do your values above seem reasonably close or significantly different in comparison to the averages reported by the class as a whole? How do you know? Would you expect every throw to have the same time-of-flight? Would you expect every person in the room to measure the same time-of-flight on any given throw? Is there a difference in asking what is the average time for the throws recorded by one student and what is the average time that all students record for one throw? If so, describe the difference(s). Do Caitlin and James have the same average time for their throws? Would you expect them to? Explain your thinking. Do Caitlin and James have the same standard deviation in their time for their throws? Would you expect them to? Explain your thinking. Did all the people in your group get the same average time? Or a better way of asking this question would be, are your answers consistent with one another? What may have contributed to uncertainties in your measurements? Identify as many sources of experimental uncertainty as you can. Scientific Ability Missing Inadequate Needs Improvement Adequate B7 Is able to identify a pattern in the data No attempt is made to search for a pattern. The pattern described is irrelevant or inconsistent with the data. The pattern has minor errors or omissions. The pattern represents the relevant trend in the data. G5 Is able to analyze data appropriately No attempt is made to analyze the data. An attempt is made to analyze the data, but it is either seriously flawed or inappropriate. The analysis is appropriate, but it contains minor errors or omissions. The analysis is appropriate, complete, and correct. G1 Is able to identify sources of experimental uncertainty No attempt is made to identify experimental uncertainties. An attempt is made to identify experimental uncertainties, but most are missing, described vaguely, and/or incorrect. Most experimental uncertainties are correctly identified. However, there is no distinction between random and experimental uncertainty. All experimental uncertainties are correctly identified. There is a distinction between experimental uncertainty and random uncertainty. 3
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