5BL Lab 3 Manual - W24v4

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Feb 20, 2024

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Physics 5BL Lab 3 Manual: Pressure In Fluids Winter 2024, UCLA Department of Physics & Astronomy Directions: As you read through the lab manual, follow along and complete the Google Slides lab assignment submission template to submit your responses to prompts on each slide as indicated. Refer to your pre-lab for theoretical background, including key equations and definitions as needed. Lab Procedure - Activity 1 The goal for this activity is for your group to explore differences in blood pressure when measuring above, below, and at the level of the heart. 1. Using the blood pressure monitor, measure and record your blood pressure above (raise arm above head), below (anatomical position), and at the level of the heart. If the pressure sensor does not seem to work at these extreme values, you may pick less extreme positions above and below the heart and take pressure readings there. Note: you must keep the body still during the pressure reading or else the sensor will be fooled by other forces you are exerting on it. 2. Collect the same data for the other members of your group and briefly discuss the results. Slide 1: Blood pressure dependence on height (Activity 1) Create a table that gives pressure readings for all the members of your group above, below, and at heart level, and comment on the results. Include any trends observed and discuss why (or why not) patient blood pressure readings should be taken for > 1 trial. Lab Procedure - Activity 2 The goal of this next activity is to explore relationships between fill height and pressure in an enclosed stationary column of water. You will also practice calculating theoretical gauge pressures vs. depth in water. Have you ever experienced physiological symptoms in situations where you were at different atmospheric depths or heights? For example, have you experienced shortness of breath at high altitudes? Have you felt increased pressure in your ears when diving underwater? In this activity, we will explore the basis of these symptoms using a simple physics model. Slide 2: Experimental Setup & Prediction (Activity 2) Describe your experimental setup and include a labeled image or sketch of your lab apparatus. State your own prediction about how water height and pressure are related and use real-life experiences to relate to your prediction. PASCO user guide: here . Tips (also refer to the labeled figures in your supplementary materials): - When the stopcock is parallel to the spout, the spout is open. When the stopcock is perpendicular to the spout, the spout is closed. - Do not let water get into the pressure sensor ! This can be avoided by following the procedure above and not opening the bottom stopcock unless it’s connected to the pressure sensor. Call your TA/LA for help. - Notice the height of the pressure sensor. Is it measuring pressure at the very bottom of the cylinder? Or is there a little height above the table you must account for? - Notice that the pressure sensor is connected to the column of water with a tube that is filled with air. Think about how the pressure sensor can still measure changes in
Physics 5BL Lab 3 Manual: Pressure In Fluids Winter 2024, UCLA Department of Physics & Astronomy pressure of the water. This is the same idea as how the pressure sensor was able to measure pressure when there was only air in your ideal gas cylinders from last week. 1. Be sure to take a control measurement with the sensor before adding any water pressure. Fill the column with water. 2. Record the height of the water using your ruler. Open the bottom stopcock associated with the tubing attached to the PASCO sensor. (To do this, twist the stopcock parallel to the direction of the spout - refer to diagrams in the supplementary materials.) 3. Using PASCO Capstone, configure the sensor to measure pressure at this height at a 1-5 Hz sample rate for 10 seconds. Close the bottom stopcock. 4. Remove some water by opening the spout and letting water drain into your pitcher. Measure the pressure at this new height for 10 seconds. 5. Repeat these measurements for at least five (5) water column heights that vary by 5-10 cm. Slide 3: Data & Analysis (Activity 2) a) Compute the average pressure data taken over 10 seconds for each height and organize your results into a data table. b) Plot average pressures vs. height (e.g., Google Sheets/Excel). Clearly label axes and axis values. c) Analyze your graph and relate to our model for fluid pressure vs. height h : P = P 0 +ρg h . (Also answer: why doesn’t your best-fit line run through the origin? At h = 0, what is the pressure?) Slide 4: Conclusions (Activity 2) a) Compare your experimental results to your prediction in Slide 2. b) Discuss possible sources of error (and which error(s) you think is/are most likely and why). How could you estimate the sizes of your errors/uncertainties? Lab Procedure - Activity 3 Here you will try to understand and quantify pressures created by putting an intravenous (IV) bag either above or below a model for the human arm and its vasculature. You will also apply these results to understand why medical professionals position IV bags in their position to enter into the human blood-stream – i.e., it matters where the IV is placed in relation to the arm. 1. Predict: how will your measured pressure values depend on the position of the IV bag relative to the human arm model? Discuss your predictions within your group. 2. Connect one end of the human arm tubing to the PASCO pressure sensor. Connect the other end to the IV bag. 3. Measure the pressure (in mmHg; you can change the units on PASCO) vs. height relative to the “veins” of the human arm model when the IV bag is placed above, below, and at the same level of the arm. Consult a help guide: here .
Physics 5BL Lab 3 Manual: Pressure In Fluids Winter 2024, UCLA Department of Physics & Astronomy Slide 5: Data, Analysis, & Conclusions (Activities 1 & 3) a) Record your pressure measurements at different heights (include a data table). b) Compare your results to your group’s predictions. c) Connect your original blood pressure readings above and below your heart (Activity 1) to the changes in pressure that you see when you lift an IV above or below the arm (Activity 3). Are your observed trends the same or different? d) What about the sensor (blood pressure cuff from Activity 1) might have made it have errors in reading pressures at the lowest and highest measurement positions? Which pressure measurement device (the PASCO sensor or the cuff) do you think is more accurate and why? What could you have modified in your procedure to make your experimental results more accurate?
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