5BL Lab 2 Manual - W24v2

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Physics 5BL Lab 2 Manual: Ideal Gas Laws Winter 2024, UCLA Department of Physics & Astronomy Directions: As you read through the lab manual, follow along and complete the Google Slides lab assignment submission template to submit your responses to prompts on each slide as indicated. Refer to your pre-lab for theoretical background, including key equations and definitions as needed. Figure 1: inventory of equipment for Activity 1. Lab Procedure - Activity 1 Your goal for today’s experiments is to quantify absolute zero on the Celsius temperature scale using the ideal gas law. 1. Fill your water kettle with the cold water tap immediately when you get into lab, and put the metal air cylinder inside to equilibrate (doesn’t have to have the pressure sensor connected yet, but leave the tubing out so no water gets inside). The water will not be exactly the same temperature as room temperature, and letting it sit will ensure that you start your experiment with the water, metal cylinder, and air inside the metal cylinder all at the same temperature. 2. When you set up the temperature and pressure sensor with the metal air cylinder, make sure only a minimal portion of the metal cylinder touches the bottom of the kettle, or else heat will transfer differently from the heating element to the metal container without allowing for the inside air to equilibrate to the same temperature. Rest the metal cylinder on the inside SIDE of the kettle . Use rubber bands to strap the temperature sensor tip to touch the metal cylinder at at least two contact points. 3. To set up the software, open the PASCO program on the computer from the start menu. Click on the “Hardware Setup” button on the left, to connect your sensors. Keep the pressure sensor plugged into the computer. Since the temperature sensor is wireless, make sure that you correctly setup the device in the “Hardware Setup” such that you click on the temperature sensor with the exact same 6 digit code as in your setup . Failure to do so may 1

Physics 5BL Lab 2 Manual: Ideal Gas Laws Winter 2024, UCLA Department of Physics & Astronomy result in measuring someone else’s temperature data (since wireless bluetooth can range across the entire room). 4. Click “common rate” at the bottom of your screen to take pressure and temperature data around 10Hz or 20Hz. Click and drag the “graph” icon into the main window four times, consecutively. Click on the “Select Measurement” buttons on the vertical and horizontal axes to simultaneously show graphs of T(t), P(t), T(P), and P(T). 5. Before your data recording, take a preliminary recording at room temperature to make sure that your temperature sensor and pressure sensor are correctly measuring ambient physical parameters. Click Record to start recording, and click the same button to stop. It will automatically be saved in the “Data Summary” Tab, accessed either by the far left tab, or the upper menu that appears when you hover the mouse over the top of a specific graph. 6. After your baseline recording, take your data recording. Start recording in PASCO before plugging in the electric kettle, because the device will start heating up immediately upon being plugged in. You can review your data at any time after by clicking the black arrow next to the “Rainbow Triangle Data Summer” button above the graph. Be sure to remember which trials correspond to which particular setups/experiments you performed. 7. Keep the kettle temperature dial setting at the 200W setting (do not use the 600W setting), or else you may melt the plastic connecting the pressure sensor from too high temperatures. 8. Base your data taking duration off of the temperature vs. time graph. Start data-taking at room temperature (before turning on the kettle), and end data taking AFTER turning off the kettle at 50°C. Note that the kettle may keep going to higher temperatures, but that you MUST unplug the kettle at 50°C and end your run after unplugging the kettle. Failure to do so may irreversibly melt parts of the kettle and ruin the experiment for your future attempts or the students taking the lab after you. 9. Empty your kettle when you are done with Activity 1. Pour out the water in your kettle at either the sink or outside the room at the drinking fountain station. If you would like to take another attempt, you must consult your TA because you will probably need help to reset your station such that everything starts equilibrated again. 10. For PASCO highlighting analysis : Click “Yellow Highlighter Tool” button directly to the right of the “Rainbow Triangle Data Summary” menu button, so select a portion of your data for further analysis. 11. For PASCO best fit line analysis : Click “Red Line on Blue Dots Trend Line” button to the right of the “Yellow Highlighter Tool” button. Select the simplest fit option that will provide both slope and y-intercept best fit parameters. 2

Physics 5BL Lab 2 Manual: Ideal Gas Laws Winter 2024, UCLA Department of Physics & Astronomy Lab Procedure - Activity 2 The goal of this activity is to experiment with measuring your heart rate and blood pressure(s) to understand applications of the physics of pressure & volume changes in a fluid to medicine. Figure 2: human wrist blood pressure sensor for Activity 2. 1. Take your own blood pressure and heart rate by putting the heart rate monitor on your wrist, staying still, and holding your wrist at your heart. You can search online for standard human blood pressure ranges to see if your device is working. 2. If the device is stating “error” try tightening the velcro around the wrist, or moving the device so that it is higher up on the arm and makes better contact with the skin. (Note: you must stay still and keep device level with the heart or you will experience error. You will explore next week how pressure depends on potential energy (height), so it is important to measure your blood pressure at the height of your heart, which is the “zero” relative height to which the machine is calibrated.) Lab Submission Slide 2: Activity 1 Scientific Question, Experimental Setup & Prediction: a) Describe the experimental setup that will let you test the ideal gas relationship. b) State your prediction about how temperature and pressure are related if the system is behaving like an ideal gas. c) Explain how to find the Celsius temperature that corresponds to absolute zero from the portion of your pressure and temperature results that support the ideal gas relationship. Slide 3: Activity 1 Raw Data: Show plots of P(t) and T(t) made in Excel or other software from the raw data, or import a copy of your plots from Capstone (tutorial here ). Label the initial temperature and pressure at the start of the trial and final temperature and pressure at the end of the trial, using quantitative units and values. Make sure that axis labels and numerical scales are legible. 3

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Physics 5BL Lab 2 Manual: Ideal Gas Laws Winter 2024, UCLA Department of Physics & Astronomy Slide 4: Activity 1 Analysis: a) Show a plot of P(T) as the first step in your analysis from the raw data, with suitable data chosen & best fit line that provides information about calculating Absolute Zero from extrapolating pressure and temperature measurements. b) State your final result of Absolute Zero (zero degrees Kelvin) in units of Celsius, and compare it to the actual value (from your class, textbook, or google). Slide 5: Activity 2 Analysis: a) State the blood pressure values (max/min) and heart rates for each member of your lab, after having tested with the human blood pressure wrist sensor (being sure to stay still and hold the sensor over the heart for the entire duration of the measurement!) Determine whether these health device blood pressure readings are an absolute pressure or gauge pressure that is relative to absolute pressure. (Be mindful of units and be prepared to google information about converting between Pa, Atm, pounds per square inch (psi),and mm Hg units of pressure). b) Predict whether an ideal gas model (a plunger changing the “heart” volume) will overestimate or underestimate the realistic pressure changes in your vasculature from your heart’s pumping and artery compression. Slide 6: Activity 2 Conclusions: Justify reasoning (sense-making) for how this model emulates aspects of blood pressure in the human body. Also discuss one way that real world human vasculature and blood pressure is more complicated than a simple ideal gas relationship between pressure and volume. Articulate something that you learned through this lab, and something that you will take forward and possibly apply in your own life or future career that you can connect back to this laboratory. 4

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