Physics_Lab_3 SamanthaLattuca_DinaChehade_HaydenPower

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Physics Lab Report: Lab 3 Pendulum II Samantha Lattuca Dina Chehade Hayden Power iOLab #1 February 7, 2024 Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to enhance our comprehension of a pendulum and the forces acting on it when it is stationary or in motion. This involves investigating how acceleration impacts the pendulum's frequency of swinging and analyzing its behavior using Newton’s second law, as well as studying the tension in the wire supporting the pendulum. To achieve this, we will measure the mass of the iOLab unit and determine its uncertainty. Subsequently, we will calculate the velocity of the iOLab when it swings as a pendulum. We anticipate that the velocity will remain constant regardless of the pendulum's position (whether it's at rest, in motion, or at equilibrium) since it is a simple pendulum. Through these activities, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of how acceleration and position affect a simple pendulum and utilize our existing knowledge to interpret the collected data. Ultimately, we will summarize our discoveries in a comprehensive lab report. Exercise 1: Measure the Mass of the iOLab Remote E1- Data Collection In this task, our objective is to determine the mass of the iOLab unit. Initially, we will calibrate the pendulum and activate the software along with the Force and Accelerometer sensors. Then, we will attach the eye-hook accessory and activate the sensors. Subsequently, we will commence data collection by lifting the unit using the eye hook, holding it steady for a few seconds before gently placing it on the table. Allowing the unit to rest for at least ten seconds after being held will enable us to obtain more accurate values by averaging over a longer duration.

Physics Lab Report: Lab 3 Pendulum II Figure 1.1 shows the iOLab data collected of the constructed pendulum regarding the force (N) and the acceleration of gravity (m/s^2) from one hold on drop of the device. Mass= 0.020 kg = 202g Uncertainty:+/- 0.00606 Calculations to find the mass and uncertainty:

Physics Lab Report: Lab 3 Pendulum II E1- Conclusion After completing exercise 1, we were able to calculate and determine the mass of the iOLab by lifting it by the eye hook and having it hang there for roughly 10 seconds before placing it back onto the table. The mass was reported as 0.202 kg/202g with an uncertainty value of +/-0.00606. Exercise 2: Calculate the Velocity of the iOLab When It Is Swinging as a Pendulum E2- Data Collection In this task, our goal is to determine the velocity of the iOLab when it is in motion. Initially, we will affix the iOLab to the bar using the eye hook, forming a pendulum. We will then allow the iOLab to hang freely, ensuring minimal movement near the equilibrium position to accurately measure the force through the force sensor. This will provide us with a tension value (T). Subsequently, we will use a ruler to estimate the length of the pendulum. Following this, we will swing the iOLab to measure the force at the bottom of its swing (the minimum value or trough). Afterward, we will recalibrate the data collected through the iOLab to conduct further analysis and draw conclusions based on the data obtained.

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Physics Lab Report: Lab 3 Pendulum II E2- Data Analysis Figure 2.1 shows the data collected from the oscillations of the pendulum. The data presented is of force (N) and time (s) as well as the magnetic force. (Smoothing tool was used.) Time (s) Magnitude (N) 30.7226 -2.164 31.3369 -2.147 32.1266 -2.164 32.8286 -2.16 33.6184 -2.165 34.4082 2.16 35.198 -2.138 35.9877 -2.143 36.6898 -2.111 37.4795 -2.111 Avg. -2.1463 St. Dev 0.020880879

Physics Lab Report: Lab 3 Pendulum II Figure 2.2 shows the average and standard deviation of the magnitude of force. Time (s) Magnitude (N) Difference (s) 30.7226 -2.164 31.3369 -2.147 0.6143 32.1266 -2.164 0.7897 32.8286 -2.16 0.702 33.6184 -2.165 0.7898 34.4082 -2.16 0.7898 35.198 -2.138 0.7898 35.9877 -2.143 0.7897 36.6898 -2.111 0.7021 37.4795 -2.111 0.7897 Avg. -2.1463 0.750766667 St. Dev 0.020880879 0.063725976 Figure 2.3 shows the average and standard deviation of the magnitude of force, along with the differences between the time (s). Establishing Our Variables Tension= -2.020N Length= 53cm, 0.53m Mass= 0.202 kg Estimation of path length= 20cm Time (approximately)= 0.751 s Period (approximately)= 1.502 s Formula Derived in the Pre-Lab: Our Estimated Path length over Average Time: (0.2m)/(0.751s) = 0.266m/s

Physics Lab Report: Lab 3 Pendulum II E2- Conclusion After completing exercise 2, we were able to calculate the velocity of the iOLab when it is swinging as a pendulum by having the device hanging at a pendulum length of 0.53m and a tension of 2.022N. The average magnitude and force at the bottom of the swing was reported as -2.1463N, with a standard deviation of 0.0209N. This resulted in the calculated value of velocity as 2.12m/s. However, when using the time and distance of the iOLab measured with the meter stick, the velocity at the bottom of the swing was calculated as 0.266m/s. This indicates that the velocity calculated in 2.2 was not reasonable since the equation is accounting for an object moving at a constant velocity, which was not the case in this exercise. Final Conclusion After completing the two exercises within this lab, we were able to measure the iOLab’s mass and use it to calculate velocity. Velocity was calculated in two ways, one was from using the mass, the length, and the average of magnitude and force from the iOLab software (reported as 2.12m/s). And the other way was by estimating the velocity with the distance and time measured by a meter stick. We found the calculated velocity of 0.266m/s to not be reasonable because the equation accounts for the distance being covered at a constant velocity, however, the iOLab device was not moving at a constant velocity while swinging back and forth. It’s also important to note human errors that have occurred which would have impacted the calculated data. One error could be due to how the device was being swung which is what resulted in a non-constant velocity.

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