PHYSICS LAB REPORT 5-Samantha Lattuca, Eeman Cheema, Praharshitha Prakash Kumar.

pdf

School

University of Windsor *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1400

Subject

Physics

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

8

Uploaded by MateSnakeMaster3042

Report
PHYSICS LAB REPORT 5 Samantha Lattuca Eeman Cheema Praharshitha Prakash Kumar iOLab #19 Thursday November 9, 2023 Introduction During this laboratory experiment, the goal is to apply Newton's Second Law to explain the centripetal acceleration of a rotating object by considering its radius and tangential velocity. Additionally, we aim to grasp the connection between tangential velocity, radius, and angular velocity of a point on a rotating object. Lastly, we intend to analyze the data through graphical methods, including quadratic and linear fits. We employed the iOLab to assess translational motion, focusing on the rotational movement of an object and its center of mass. When an object moves in two dimensions along a circular path, we describe it as undergoing circular motion around the center of that path. In this laboratory setting, we denote the magnitude of the "tangential velocity" as v. The distance from the center of the circular motion to the center of mass is referred to as the "radius" of the circular path and is represented as r in this experiment. As the object moves along the circular path the vector changes its direction even if there is no change in speed. The acceleration of an object undergoing circular motion is called “centripetal acceleration,” that is directed towards the center (perpendicular to velocity). However long the object takes to make a rotation is known as “angular velocity.” We will be dealing with the acceleration of a point marked “A” around the center of mass marked “G.” Exercise 1: Watch Three Videos to See How to Do This Experiment and How You Will Analyze the Data In this exercise we will be using the gyroscope (G) and accelerometer on the iOLab, to measure the mass (gyroscope) of the device and it’s going to be rotating about its center of mass. The gyroscope tells us the angular velocity at which the device is rotating. The accelerometer tells us the linear acceleration. With this data we can calculate the centripetal acceleration. Praharshitha held the iOLab horizontally and threw it in the upward direction allowing it to rotate. This was repeated three times. The data that our iOLab collected is what will be used to calculate the centripetal acceleration.
Exercise 1: Data Collection Figure 1.1 (above): The iOLab was thrown in the air 3 different times which resulted in the data above Figure 1.2 (above): To find the mean value of acceleration in the x and y directions.
Exercise 1: Data Analysis Fig 1.3 (above): this image shows the calculations to find centripetal acceleration. Exercise 1: Conclusion Three calculations were completed with the results we received from this exercise. For the calculations we used the same formula, but pulled in the values that related to each section. In order to obtain these values, we used the graphs iOLab created. The centripetal acceleration for calculation 1 is 19.48 m/s^2. The centripetal acceleration for calculation 2 is 20.58 m/s^2. Lastly, the centripetal calculation for calculation 3 is 21.64 m/s^2. Based on the results of these calculations, we can see that the centripetal acceleration increased each time Praharshitha threw the iOLab in the air. Exercise 2: Measuring r Directly Using a meter stick, we measure the distance between the center of mass, (G) and Accelerometer, (A).
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Exercise 2: Data Collection Figure 2.1: Samantha measuring the distance between G and A. Exercise 2: Data Analysis Distance between G and A= 4.5 cm Appropriate uncertainty= +/- 0.05 cm Exercise 2: Conclusion The distance measured between G (gyroscope) and A (accelerometer) is approximately 4.5 cm. With this measurement comes the uncertainty of +/- 0.05 cm. Since we are using a ruler to measure this distance, the measurement may be off from +/- 0.05 cm. Exercise 3: Measuring r Using the Accelerometer and the Gyroscope Once the iOLab is pulled into the computer and calibrated using “accel-magn-gyro.” Praharshitha practiced throwing the device so that the z-axis rotated about its z-axis. In this exercise we need to acquire the data of the iOLab as it spins with at least five different angular velocities. After the five trials, we need to analyze the measure of acceleration in x, Ax (and its uncertainty), the acceleration in y, Ay (and its uncertainty), and the angular velocity about the z-axis, Wz (and its uncertainty). There is an Excel sheet found below that shows all of our raw data.
Exercise 3: Data Collection Figure 3.1 (above): The figure above shows the raw data the iOLab collected in the first throw. Exercise 3: Data Analyzed Figure 3.2 (above): The figure above are the calculations we did to find Ac of each throw.
Raw Data Calculations Ax Uncertainty on AxΔAx Ay Uncertainty on AyΔAx ωz Uncertainty on ωzΔωz ac Uncertainty on acΔac ωz^2 Uncertainty on ωz^2Δwz^2 7.662 m/s^2 0.13 m/s^2 -17.914 m/s^2 0.13 m/s^2 -23.372 rad/s 0.035 rad/s 19.48 m/s^2 2.339 m/s^2 546.25 rad/s^2 2.19 m/s^2 7.77 m/s^2 0.7 m/s^2 -19.057 m/s^2 0.67 m/s^2 -23.646 rad/s 0.12 rad/s 20.58 m/s^2 2.5 m/s^2 559.13 rad/s^2 2.36 m/s^2 7.594 m/s^2 2.5 m/s^2 -20.259 m/s^2 2.5 m/s^2 -22.249 m/s^2 0.88 rad/s 21.64 m/s^2 2.4994 m/s^2 495.02 rad/s^2 1.86 m/s^2 Figure 3.3: The raw data and calculations made for the centripetal acceleration and omega values Exercise 3: Conclusion The uncertainties for the wz values ranged from 2.19 m/s^2 to 1.86 m/s^2, relative to the experimental wz^2 values. The uncertainties for ac were calculated to be 2.339 m/s^2, 2.5 m/s^2, and 2.4994m/s^2. The calculated values are proximate to the experimental values found. Exercise 4: Measuring r by Plotting w vs Ac and w^2 and Ac The goal of this exercise is to measure r by plotting w vs Ac to generate a curved “parabolic” fit or “quadratic” fit. Excel is used to create plots. The data must be set where w is on the x-axis and Ac is on the y-axis (the trendline should be quadratic). A second set of data is to be collected where the plot w^2 on the x-axis and Ac on the y-axis (the trendline should be linear). Exercise 4: Data Collection
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Figure 4.1 (above): the attached image is the omega vs ac graph Figure 4.2 (above): the attached image is the omega^2 vs ac graph Exercise 4: Data Analyzed x variable y variable omega ac -23.372 19.48 -23.646 20.58 -22.249 21.64 Figure 4.3 (above): the attached image is the table for the omega vs ac graph x variable y variable omega^2 ac 546.25 19.48 559.13 20.58 495.01 21.64 Figure 4.4 (above): the attached image is the table for the omega^2 vs ac graph Exercise 4: Conclusion In exercise 4, the values for omega^2 were calculated and a graph was plotted between omega vs ac and omega^2 vs ac in excel.
Overall Conclusion: As stated in the introduction for this lab, the overall objective was to utilize Newton’s Second Law to describe the centripetal acceleration of a rotating object in terms of its radius and tangential velocity. We also now understand the relationship between tangential velocity, radius, and angular velocity of a point on an object that is rotating. Tangential velocity equals the product of angular velocity and radius in a rotating object, forming a direct proportional relationship. Lastly, we now analyze data graphically by means of quadratic or parabolic fit as well as a linear fit. We saw a quadratic or parabolic fit in exercise 4 (on Excel scatter plots). The main exercise of this lab is to hold the iOLab horizontally, and toss it up into the air. The data that was collected was then used and analyzed throughout the following exercises. Very little human error could have occurred in this lab. The most common error that may have occurred is in our calculations (rounding). Overall, this lab was successful.