lab 7

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West Virginia University *

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102

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Physics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Physics 2020 --- Lab 07 Conservation of Momentum Materials Needed: Computer Course Objectives: 1. Apply conservation laws to linear momentum problems. Activity #1: For the final lab practical you will be asked to develop your own experiment. As such, this week you will be asked to begin the process of writing a more independent lab report. First proceed to: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/collision-lab/latest/collision-lab_all.html Proceed to the “introduction” and make sure the elasticity is set to 100% in the upper right side of the screen, and the “More data” option is clicked on the bottom of the screen. Your screen SHOULD look like this when you are done: Page 1 of 6

1. Now make the mass of the first ball the same as the mass of the second ball. BEFORE clicking play, describe what you predict will happen to the balls when they collide. If both masses are the same, the momentum will be transferred between balls. This means the ball which was previously at rest will be moving at the same speed which the 1 st ball was moving at and then the 1 st ball will come to rest. 2. Press play to watch the simulation and write out the equation of conservation of momentum below. M1*v1+m2*v2=m1*v1+m2*v2 M1*v1=m2*v2 3. Now set the mass of ball #1 to be 0.5 again, play the simulation, and describe in scientific terms what happens to the two balls in the simulation. After the collision, the blue ball rebounds and starts moving to the left with reduced velocity while the pink ball starts from rest and moves to the right. Page 2 of 6

4. Click the restart button, . Then write out all the initial values of mass and velocities for both balls. Initial m1=0.5 kg Initial v1= 1 m/s Initial m2= 1.5 kg Initial v2= 0 m/s 5. BEFORE YOU click the play button again, write out the equations for the initial and final momentum and energy, and solve for the final velocities. Keep in mind that the first ball bounces backwards! V1f=(m1-m2/m1+m2)v1f And V2f=(2m1/m1+m2)vi1 Therefore, V1f=-0.5 m/s and v2f=(2*0.5/0.5+1.5)1=0.5 m/s 6. Compare your calculated values with the stated values in the simulation. Describe any discrepancies and their cause. They match Now it’s time to be a bit more creative. Click on the “Explore 2D” tab at the top. Your screen should look similar to that below. Page 3 of 6

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7. Arrange the balls in whatever way you like but make sure that they collide when you press play and the momentums must involve 2 dimensions. Paste a screen capture of the arrangement below. 8. Press play on the simulation, to make sure the balls collide, and describe the collision in scientific terms in the space below. Page 4 of 6

When the pink ball collides with the blue ball, the force of the pink ball sends the blue one in the opposite direction at a high velocity. 9. Sketch out the motion of the center of mass in the space below. You can imagine an x- y coordinate system with the lower-left part of the screen as the origin. 10. Click “restart” on the simulation and change the elasticity to 5%. Describe in scientific terms what happens when you press play on the simulation. When the balls collided, the blue ball changed directions and the pink ball followed the blue one. They both traveled at a much lower speed. 11. Using the values given in the table on the bottom of the screen, calculate the loss of kinetic energy before and after the collision. Write out your equations and solution below, with the final answer listed as a percentage of initial kinetic energy. 12. Add a third ball to the simulation, arrange them such that all three balls will collide at the same time, and describe the collision in scientific terms in the space below along with a screen capture of the arrangement. As all three balls collide together, the mass of the balls pushes away from the impact. 13. Describe a situation you have encountered in life recently where you believe the conservation of momentum would have applied. Include a description of the collision, and a scientific evaluation of what happened after the collision. Recently when I take my dog out to play fetch, he jumps so high to catch the ball and his nose collides with the tennis ball, sending it flying. Since my dog is 100 pounds, he jumps with a lot of force. The tennis ball weighs very little, so when they both impact, the lighter object, being Page 5 of 6

the tennis ball, travels at a high speed. The conservation of momentum is applicable to any number of masses, or balls in the case of the simulator. Though the complexity of the calculations get harder with more masses involved. You will not be required to calculate too many masses, but no matter how many are involved, momentum is ALWAYS conserved. Page 6 of 6

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