Investigation 21 - Beats (1)

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University Of Connecticut *

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Physics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Investigation 21 – Beats Activity 1 – Tuning Fork Beats ( Looked up youtube videos for all demos mentioned ) https://youtu.be/aCocQa2Bcuc 1. I’m going to strike two tuning forks and play them through the sound system. 2. What do you hear when the first fork is being played? The first fork played has a light sounding tone. 3. What do you hear when the second fork is being played? Does it sound different? The second one when it had a weight on it sounded a little bit deeper. 4. What do you hear when both forks are played? Describe everything you can. When they were both being played in resonance. The tone was being amplified and got louder with the same level of depth. 5. What do you hear when the sound from the two tuning forks are constructively interfering with each other? The sound gets projected farther and louder with the same sounding tone. 6. What do you hear when the sound from the two tuning forks are destructively interfering with each other? It started to make a beat, as the sound would wiggle in tone. 7. Try to measure the beat frequency by measuring the amount of time between consecutive constructive interferences. Remember: T = 1/f From the video, I measured 19 beat frequency in 4.45 seconds. so 4.45/19 is .234 seconds per beat. 8. Calculate the beat frequency using: Cant do this, unknown frquencies Activity 2 – Guitar Tuning Beats 1. Standard bass tuning has strings in this order: E-A-D-G. The frequency of a well-tuned bass’s E string is 41.2 Hz. Describe what this means in terms of the physics when the string is plucked.

In physics terms, this means the string is vibrating up and down 41.2 times a second. 2. The A string is typically tuned to 55 Hz. What do we hear when we play the E and A strings at the same time? It makes a good sound. It technically means that the frequency ratio between the strings is 4:3, because 55/41.2 is 1.3 and 4/3 is 1.3. 3. Many bassists are able to tune their guitar by knowing the pitch of the E string and playing the 5 th fret to help tune the A string (like I showed in class). If there are 5 fret steps between E (41.2 Hz) and A (55 Hz), what is the frequency difference in sound between each successive fret? Using fret frequency = open string frequency x (2^(fret/12)) 41.2 Hz x (2^(1/12)) = 43.65Hz 43.65Hz – 41.2Hz =2.45Hz The difference between every sound of a fret is 2.45 Hz. 4. If I play a properly tuned A string and the 4 th fret on the E string, what would I hear, and what is the beat frequency? The A string would be 110 Hz, and the 4 th fret of the E string would be 110Hz x 2^(4/12) which is 123.5Hz. They are different frequencies so it would make a beat. The beat frequency would be 123.5-110 which is 13.5Hz.

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