5.123
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School
University of North Carolina, Pembroke *
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Course
1010
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
10
Uploaded by MagistrateValorMantis7
Joshua Brady
2/17/24
Logic
5.1A 1. No Ohioans are Texans
Your answer of “
E”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
2. No green vegetables are minerals
Your answer of “
E”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
3. All equilateral triangles are geometrical figures
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
4. No junk-food addicts are people with healthy diets
Your answer of “
E”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
5. Some numbers are not odd numbers
Your answer of “
O”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
6. All mammals are cats
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
7. Some criminals are evil people
Your answer of “O”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “Universal”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
8. No odd numbers are even numbers.
Your answer of “
E”
is correct!
Your answer of “Particular”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
9. All unreported crimes are lamentable events.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “Particular”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
10. Some wealthy people are not nice people.
Your answer of “
O”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
11. All individuals who lie frequently are deeply unhappy people.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
12. Some politicians are intelligent people.
Your answer of “O”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “Universal”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
13. Some ancient gods are not morally perfect deities.
Your answer of “
O”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
14. Some literature professors who love Tolstoy are not good lecturers.
Your answer of “
O”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
15. No humans who are truly happy are people who never work.
Your answer of “
E”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “Affirmative”
is incorrect.
5.1B
Every kangaroo is a marsupial.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
2. At least one person is a nerd.
Your answer of “
I”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
3. All ancient Greeks worshiped Zeus.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
4. There are saints who are reformed criminals.
Your answer of “
I”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
5. Some morally virtuous human beings are atheists.
Your answer of “O”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
6. No Vikings were wimps.
Your answer of “
E”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “Affirmative”
is incorrect.
7. All people who have committed murder deserve death.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
8. Shawnees were all skillful trackers.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
9. Masai warriors are all superb athletes.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “Particular”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
10. All college students who listened to Jimi Hendrix opposed the war in Vietnam.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
11. Only reptiles are lizards.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
12. Not every bright green stone is an emerald.
Your answer of “
O”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
13. Only diamonds are gems.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
14. Something is a painting but not a masterpiece.
Your answer of “E”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
15. The voters will all be disappointed.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
16. If anything is a slug, then it is not intelligent.
Your answer of “
E”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
17. At least one tree is ugly.
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Your answer of “
I”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
18. Things are beautiful only if they are pleasant to behold.
Your answer of “E”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “Particular”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
19. If anything is a bad-tempered person, then it is a curmudgeon.
Your answer of “E”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
20. If anything is a sibling that is female, then it is a sister.
Your answer of “E”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “Particular”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
21. A thing is a tragedy only if it is not a fortunate event.
Your answer of “
E”
is correct!
Your answer of “Particular”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “Affirmative”
is incorrect.
22. Hindus all believe in reincarnation.
Your answer of “
A”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Universal”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
23. At least one soldier will be wounded.
Your answer of “
I”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Particular”
is correct!
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
24. Of the living veterans of World War I, none were generals.
Your answer of “O”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “Particular”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Negative”
is correct!
25. There exists an animal that is a dog.
Your answer of “E”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “Universal”
is incorrect.
Your answer of “
Affirmative”
is correct!
5.2A
1. All souls are immortal substances. Some souls are immortal substances.
Your answer of “Superalt-Subalt”
is correct!
2. No Apaches are Shawnees. Some Apaches are Shawnees.
Your answer of “Contradictories”
is correct!
3. Some people who believe in ghosts are smart people. Some people who believe in ghosts are not smart people.
Your answer of “Subcontraries”
is correct!
4. No truths are statements worth dying for. All truths are statements worth dying for.
Your answer of “Contraries”
is correct!
5. Some odd numbers are numbers that can be divided by two (without remainder). Some odd numbers are not numbers that can be divided by two (without remainder).
Your answer of “Subalt-Superalt”
is incorrect.
Explanation
: The first statement is cannot be true, so these cannot be subcontraries.
6. All liars are harmful people. No liars are harmful people.
Your answer of “Subcontraries”
is incorrect.
7. All positive whole numbers between four and six are odd numbers. No positive whole numbers between four and six are odd numbers.
Your answer of “Subalt-Superalt”
is incorrect.
Explanation
: The first satement is a necessary truth., so these cannot be contraries.
5.2C
1. If an A statement is false, then the corresponding I statement must be false.
Your answer of “False”
is correct!
2. If an A statement is false, then the corresponding E statement could be either true or false.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
3. If an E statement is false, then the corresponding I statement must be true.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
4. If an E statement is false, then the corresponding I statement could be either true or false.
Your answer of “False”
is correct!
5. If an I statement is false, then the corresponding E statement must be true.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
6. If an I statement is false, then the corresponding O statement must be true.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
7. If an O statement is false, then the corresponding E statement could be either true or false.
Your answer of “False”
is correct!
5.2D
1. Only gods are immortal beings. Hence, there exist immortal beings that are gods.
Your answer of “
Valid”
is correct!
2. Things are positrons only if they are smaller than atoms. Therefore, not all positrons are smaller than an atom.
Your answer of “
Not valid”
is correct!
3. There exists an athlete who can run the mile in under four minutes. Hence, not all athletes can run the mile in under four minutes.
Your answer of “
Not valid”
is correct!
4. Only acts that conform to the Ten Commandments are right acts. So, an act is right only if it does not conform to the Ten Commandments.
Your answer of “
Not valid”
is correct!
5. Any person who is kept awake for over a week will go crazy. Thus, only persons who are kept
awake for over a week will go crazy.
Your answer of “
Not valid”
is correct!
6. Some people who defended slavery were plantation owners. Thus, not all persons who defended slavery were plantation owners.
Your answer of “
Not valid”
is correct!
7. Colonels are all authoritarian people. So, nothing that is a colonel is an authoritarian person.
Your answer of “
Not valid”
is correct!
5.3A
1. All corporals are nongenerals.
Your answer of ''All noncorporals are generals.''
is correct!
2. Some unhappy entities are not people.
Your answer of ''Some entities that are not unhappy are not nonpeople.''
is correct!
3. All drinkers are nondrivers.
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Your answer of ''All nondrinkers are drivers.'''
is incorrect.
The correct answer is ''All nondrinkers are drivers.''
4. Some athletes are poor losers.
Your answer of ''Some nonathletes are entities that are not poor losers.''
is correct!
5. Some nonmetals are chemicals.
Your answer of ''Some metals are nonchemicals''
is correct
5.3B
1. All miracles are acts of God.
Your answer of ''All acts of god are miracles.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Invalid''
is correct!
2. Some explosives are not bombs.
Your answer of ''Some bombs are not explosives.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Invalid''
is correct!
3. No lovers are loners.
Your answer of ''No loners are lovers.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Valid''
is correct!
4. No roaches are coaches.
Your answer of ''No coaches are roaches.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Valid''
is correct!
5. Some leopards are nontigers.
Your answer of ''Some nontigers are leapords.''
is incorrect.
The correct answer is ''Some nontigers are leopards.''
Your answer of ''Valid''
is correct!
5.3C 1. Some plants are nonroses.
Your answer of ''Some roses are nonplants.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Invalid''
is correct!
2. Some noncollies are not nondogs.
Your answer of ''Some dogs are not collies.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Valid''
is correct!
3. No red oaks are elms.
Your answer of ''No nonelms are things that are not red oaks.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Invalid''
is correct!
4. Some non-Fords are not nonautomobiles.
Your answer of ''Some automobiles are not fords.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Valid''
is correct!
5. All great white sharks are nonguppies.
Your answer of ''All guppies are things that are not great white sharks.''
is correct!
Your answer of ''Valid''
is correct!
5.3E
1. No ideologues are nonfools.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
2. All nonfools are nonideologues.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
3. Some fools are ideologues.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
4. Some ideologues are not fools.
Your answer of “False”
is correct!
5. Some ideologues are not nonfools.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
6. All nonideologues are nonfools.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
7. No fools are ideologues.
Your answer of “False”
is correct!
5.3F
1. No optimists are psychiatrists.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
2. No nonoptimists are nonpsychiatrists.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
3. Some optimists are not psychiatrists.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
4. All nonpsychiatrists are optimists.
Your answer of “True”
is incorrect.
Explanation
: This statement could (for all we know) be true or false, given the original statement.
5. Some nonoptimists are not nonpsychiatrists.
Your answer of “True”
is correct!
6. Some optimists are nonpsychiatrists.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is incorrect.
Explanation
: This is the obverse of the subaltern of our original sentence, and obversion is always valid
7. Some optimists are psychiatrists.
Your answer of “False”
is correct!
5.3G
1. No chemicals are poisons.
Your answer of “False”
is correct!
2. Some nonchemicals are nonpoisons.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
3. All chemicals are poisons.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
4. No nonpoisons are nonchemicals.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
5. Some nonchemicals are not nonpoisons.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
6. Some chemicals are nonpoisons.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
7. Some nonpoisons are chemicals.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
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5.3H
1. All celebrities are saints.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is incorrect.
2. Some saints are not celebrities.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
3. Some celebrities are saints.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
4. All nonsaints are noncelebrities.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is incorrect.
5. Some noncelebrities are not nonsaints.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
6. No saints are celebrities.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!
7. Some noncelebrities are saints.
Your answer of “Not guaranteed”
is correct!