In Class Worksheet 4 - Employment.docx
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School
California State University, Fullerton *
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Course
120
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by CorporalMagpieMaster105
Employment Investigation
6 Step Method: Steps 5-6
In-Class Activity Worksheet
Step 5: Make Conclusions
We typically use a “significance level” as our threshold for determining whether we have “strong
enough” evidence to conclude that our null hypothesis is not a plausible (believable) explanation
for what we observed.
1. Suppose we have strong enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis. Does this imply that the
alternative hypothesis is correct? Why or why not?
When there is strong enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis it implies that the
alternative hypothesis is more plausible.
2. Suppose we do not have strong enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis. Does this imply
that the null hypothesis is correct? Why or why not?
When we do not have a strong enough evidence to reject our null hypothesis this implies
that there is not enough evidence for the alternative hypothesis.
3. Do smaller or larger p-values indicate stronger evidence that the null hypothesis is not a
plausible explanation? Explain your reasoning.
Smaller p-values indicate stronger evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The larger p-value
is a weaker evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
4. Open your Rguroo work from last class. According to Rguroo, what is the p-value for your
test?
According to the Rguroo from last class the p-value for the test is 0.4438
5. Typically we use 5% (the cutoff for “strong evidence”) as our significance level. Using this
significance level, do you have “strong enough” evidence to reject the null hypothesis? Why or
why not?
Because our p-value is greater, our evidence would be considered as weak. And based off
of the graph, we can tell that it is typical. We also know that the p-value is greater than
0.05, which means that if we fail to reject the null hypothesis there is weak evidence.
(0.443>0.05)
H0:pie = 0.40
HA:pie >0.40
6. Based on your answer to Question #5, is it plausible that your null hypothesis is correct and
that 40% of full-time undergraduate students at CSUF work? Why or why not?
It is plausible that the null hypothesis is correct because you fail to reject the null
hypothesis. (more plausible hypothesis)
7. Is it plausible that your alternative hypothesis is correct? Why or why not?
Yes, it is plausible that our alternative hypothesis is correct because there isn’t enough
strong evidence to prove that iot is true.
8. Based on your answers to Questions #6 and #7, can you claim that your alternative hypothesis
is correct? Why or why not?
When you fail to reject a null hypothesis you do not have enough evidence to prove the
alternative was correct.
9. Using your answer to Question #8, write a conclusion that answers the research question in
context.
There is no significant evidence that the proportion of all CSUF students that work is
greater than 40%.
Step 6: Look Back and Ahead
When we “look back”, we think about how and why our conclusion might be wrong.
10. Could you have committed a Type I Error (false alarm) with your conclusion? Why or why
not?
We could not have committed a type 1 error (false alarm) because we already proved that
our null hypothesis is correct, and in order for it to be a type 1, it would have to be
incorrect.
11. Could you have committed a Type II Error (missed opportunity) with your conclusion? Why
or why not?
The only way we could have committed a Type II error would be if our null hypothesis was
false and we failed to reject it. In this case, our null hypothesis is correct.
12. In what ways is the sample not representative of the population we are interested in? Do you
think that these differences are important enough to cast doubt on the validity of your
conclusion? Explain your reasoning.
This sample isn’t representative of the population we’re interested in because the sample
we took was from one class that is typically filled with freshmen. Another reason is that
students taking this math have other majors that didn’t require them to take the ALEKS
placement test. I do feel like the differences are important enough to cast doubt since it’s a
very specific group of people.
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