HW1B S Chpt 1 2 3 Ethics & Moral Reasoning & Conscience and Moral Devel S

HW 1B Ethics (Introduction, Moral Reasoning, Conscience & Moral Development) Name: Ethics - Philosophy (Love of Wisdom) Objective: Engage initial concepts and questions to gain personal insight and prepare for in-class dialogue. 1) Respond to at least one of the following questions: a) What is a specific question (related to our class) that stands out to you now (from class, the reading, etc.)? Why does it stand out? b) What statement , made by another student, stands out to you now? Why does it stand out? c) What is one concept on which you gained clarity in our most recent class? What is one concept that is still unclear for you, and how can you go about clarifying it? A specific question that stands out to me so far is that “Why we should live in reality?”. The reason why is you only live once in your life, enjoy every moment of your life as much as you can. I consider myself is an overthinker, and I’m always drown thinking about so many things that I’m not sure that if they’re going to happen. Moreover, sometimes I take my life for granted by just living in dreams instead of dealing with daily struggles. By doing that, I feel like I’m not living my life to the fullest since you will never what’s going to happen tomorrow when you wake up. Sometimes reality is harsh, but we need to accept it to move forward in life. Learning to accept our present and our past is also the way to improve ourselves in the future. 2) Provide an example of a “ moral dilemma ” that you have faced. (Ex. “Should I lie to my friend?”) a) A situation happened when I was in 8th grade. We were having a final Math test; I saw one of my close friends was cheating. It seemed like I was having the most difficult struggle in my mind about whether I should tell the teacher or I should just pretend that I had never seen her cheating. b) How did you resolve this dilemma – or – how might this dilemma be resolved? (What would be required to resolve it?) This dilemma was resolved eventually when our teacher caught my friend cheating herself. I'm not sure what would be the best solution for this situation. However, I think getting caught cheating can help my friend learn a lesson from her mistakes. 3) Provide at least 3 examples of descriptive statements and 3 examples of prescriptive statements (look up these terms in our book): Descriptive Statements - Examples Prescriptive Statements - Examples Donald Trump was elected to be the 45th president of the United States. The United States is an ethnic and racial diverse nation. Over 675 million people in the world have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. People should be treated equally regardless of race, ethnicity, or skin color. It is necessary to have stricter laws to limit individuals to own weapons, especially guns. It should be legal for all women to have the right to get an abortion. 4) What, do you think, is the difference between a “ well-justified ” claim and a “ poorly justified ” claim? Use examples to enhance your response. "Well-justified" claim refers to reasonable and valid statements. For example, Ma'Khia Bryant, a 16-year-old black girl was fatally shot by an Ohio police officer in 2021. The majority of people, especially those who support "Black Lives Matter" consider this case poorly justified. However, the camera footage on the police officer's body reveals that Bryant was attempting to attack other two people with a knife. Based on reliable proof from the police, Bryant's killing case is well justified. 5) In your own words, address this question: What is the difference between knowing what is right and actually doing what is right most of the time? Provide an example and make use of a statement or concept from the chapter in your response. Knowing the right things is when an individual acknowledges what is right without taking any action. They choose to keep the right things in their mind. For example, the teacher had a review for the test by asking some students to solve the questions on the board; however, one of the students got the wrong answer and you found the right answer yourself. You decided to not speak up and keep it to yourself. Doing what is right requires individuals to go beyond knowledge and turn it into actions. For instance, you see a friend getting bullied by a group of other friends at school, so you are aware that bullying is wrong. You would dissuade those students and report it to the teacher or parents. Thus, you decide to do something instead of ignoring it. 6) Read about Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development and respond to the following: a) Create a diagram or picture to illustrate the 3 main levels of Kohlberg’s explanation of moral development. Label each section. b) Read through the excerpt from Kohlberg’s writing. Use that and Boss’s words to add detail to help describe each level on your diagram. Preconventional Morality Stage 1 Behavior pushed avoiding punishment Stage 2 Behavior pushed by rewards and self-interest Conventional Morality Stage 3 Behavior pushed by gaining social acceptance Stage 4 Behavior pushed by maintaining social order and obey authority Postconventional Morality Stage 5 Behavior pushed by social contracts and Stage 6 Behavior pushed by moral principles ©Kimber 2023